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Date of creation: 2023-06-05

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Service release 8.0.1b available (Nov 17 2022)

Changes are

New Ubuntu package for release 8.0.1 available (Oct 24 2020)

The Debian/Ubuntu packages were outdated an did not work anymore on current Ubuntu 20 and derivates.

See the Download page for the release package and the updated package list for manual compilation with configure.


Stable version 8.0.1 released (Oct 03 2017)

Bug fixes

Changes

Known Bugs


Stable version 8.0 released (June 24 2017)

Bug fixes

Changes

Known Bugs

Bugs marked as fixed are uploaded to the Github repository and ready for testing. The fix will appear in the next public release.


Third beta version 8.0 released (Feb 26 2017)

Bug fixes are

Known Bugs

Bugs marked as solved are fixed in the Github repository. The fix will appear in the next public release.


Second beta version 8.0 released (Feb 21 2017)

New feature: Mahadasa and Antardasa description from Jataka Parijata (Dasa tree view).

Bug fixes are

Known Bugs

Bugs marked as solved are fixed in the Github repository. The fix will appear in the next public release.


Beta version 8.0 released (Feb 05 2017)

This release contains many bug fixes. The program should run stable now.

Fixes are among others

Several documentation pages of this web site are updated to release 8 level, especially pages around installation and other technical topics. Updated pages are Download, Installation, Character Sets, Directory Layout, Git, Symbol Font.

Known Bugs

Bugs marked as solved are fixed in the Github repository. The fix will appear in the next public release.


Alfa version of new release 8.0 available (Dec 26 2016)

Version 8 is a major release after more than four years. It contains several new features and changes.

Vedic Astrology

General Astrology

Uranian Astrology

User Interface

Calculation

Technical

Known Bugs

Bugs marked as SOLVED are fixed in the Github repository. The fix will appear in the next public release.

See also the issue list on Github.


Archive

More news can be found on the News Archive page.


Maitreya

Maitreya is an Open Source platform for Vedic and western astrology. Supported platforms are Windows, Max OS X, Linux and UNIX. Mobile platforms like Android or iOS are not supported.

The software is licensed under the GNU Public License and is free for private and commercial use. Details about the license can be found on the Maitreya's License page.

West meets East

Western and Vedic astrology seem to be two different topics. And so most astrology programs support exactly one of them.

Maitreya supports both. And in deed, both branches of astrology are essentially two different views of the same thing.

About the Name

Maitreya is the disciple of Maharishi Parasara, the author of Brihat Parasara Hora Shastra, the most prominent scripture of classic Vedic astrology.

In this scripture the sage instructs his disciple on many topics of Vedic astrology.

Features of the Software

The program supports many features of Vedic and western astrology. Examples

You can visit the Screenshots page if you prefer a visual impression.

Getting and Installing the Software

Software releases can be downloaded from the internet. You will find the links on the Download page. This page contains hints for installation that may be sufficient for most users.

The Installation page contains a deeper description of compilation and installation on various platforms.

Using the Software for the first time

Read the Getting Started Guide guide before using it for the first time.


Screenshots

Click on the thumbnails to open the image gallery.

3D overview
Western astrology: planets, Solar arc, radix chart with context menu.
2 kinds of Dasa views: graphical and tree. North Indian chart
Graphical view of Ashtakavarga, South and East Indian charts, configuration dialog.
Sarvatobhadra, Solar chart, simple East Indian chart.
Ephemeris: default view (planets), ingress and graphical mode
Multiple views (all views in a single window). Western uranian tab and Vedic Graphical Dasa tab

Download

Stable Release (Version 8.0.1b)

Platform Type Download Link
Windows Installer Maitreya-winsetup-8.0.1b.exe
Mac OS X Disk Image maitreya8-mac-8.0.1b.dmg
Linux Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish), Mint 21 (Vanessa, Vera) Debian package/amd64 maitreya8_8.0.1b_amd64.deb
All Source code maitreya8-8.0.1b.tar.bz2
All Source code maitreya8-8.0.1b.tar.gz
All Source code maitreya8-8.0.1b.zip

Github Repositories

There are separate repositories for each major release.

Version Description Link
8 Current Release Github Release 8
7 Old Stable Release Github Release 7
6 Legacy Release. Still included in some older operating systems Github Release 6

Remarks

  1. Read the Character Sets resp. Symbol Font page if the fonts are not okay (e.g. Latin letters in chart wheel) .

Installation on Windows Systems

Installation can be done as follows

  1. Download the Windows Installer (see above).
  2. Start the installer from the download dialog or open the download directory in Windows Explorer and double click the installer.
  3. Follow the instructions.

Installation on Ubuntu and other Debian Based Systems

Maitreya is available in standard Debian repositories and can be installed directly with aptitude etc. Please note that the symbol font is contained in the extra package fonts-maitreya. You need the font in order to display the sign and planet symbols.

Nevertheless the version in official repositories may be out of date.

If you want to use the version provided on this website, you can proceed as follows: download the Debian package (*.deb). Open the download directory in a file manager (e.g. Nautilus) and double click the downloaded package. Click the install button.

The startup icon can be found in the application menu (Accessories).

Alternatively, open a console window, change to the download directory and enter the following commands.

sudo dpkg -i maitreya_xyz.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

Installation on MacOS X

Source Code Compilation

The compilation of the sources can be done straight forward with configure and make.

The program depends upon wxWidgets 2.8 or 3.0 (headers and libraries), the corresponding packages must be installed. The fontconfig package is required, too.

The following command can be pasted to the console on Ubuntu 20 and related (Mint etc.):

sudo apt-get install automake bison libwxbase3.0-0v5 libwxbase3.0-dev libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-0 libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev wx3.0-headers wx3.0-i18n libfontconfig1-dev
./autogen.sh
./configure && make
Call of autogen.sh is required.

The Installation page contains more information about compilation.

Git Access for Developers

Read the Git page.

Documentation

The documentation pages contain the application side descriptions. Astrological details can be found on the corresponding Articles pages.

Table of Contents


Basics

Table of Contents

Section Contents
Maitreya's License The software is free for private and commercial use. This page contains the detailed conditions.
Release Notes Summary of main changes
Installation Details of compilation and installation on various platforms.
Getting Started Guide Basic philosophy
Shortcuts Keyboard and mouse shortcuts


Maitreya's License

Maitreya is released under the OSI certified GNU General Public License (GPLv2).

So it is Open Source Software and free for personal and commercial use.

Parts of the program contain code from

  1. wxWidgets, licensed under the OSI certified wxWindows License
  2. Swiss Ephemeris project which is licensed under the GNU GPL v. 2.0 or later.
  3. wxpdfdoc under wxWindows License is (C) Ulrich Telle
  4. wxsqlite3 under wxWindows License is (C) Ulrich Telle
  5. wxJSON under wxWindows License is (C) Luciano Cattani

Atlas Data

The atlas uses the Geonames location database which is based upon the Creative Commons License.

Symbol Font

The font Saravali.ttf is licensed under the SIL Open Font License.
Details of GPL v2 license conditions are:

The GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS


Release Notes

This chapter summarizes the main changes of the releases. Please refer to the news section for detailed information about minor releases, release dates, bug fixes etc.

Release 8.0

Vedic Astrology

General Astrology

Uranian Astrology

User Interface

Calculation

Technical

Release 7.0

Major Changes

General Changes

Release 6.0

Major Changes

Medium and Minor Changes

Other Changes

These features are not visible from the astrologer's point of view but have impact on development.

Release 5.0

Major Changes

Minor Changes


Release 4.2

Remarks


Release 4.1

  1. Telugu language support.
  2. Improved location database, mouse wheel, double click, etc. are supported now.
  3. Support for Indian display of planetary positions (like 00-10-20 instead of 10-20 Aries).
  4. Suport for Legal and Letter paper format.
  5. Improved Sarvatobhadra (Unicode)
  6. Bugs of version 4.0 (Lagna Vimsottari and configuration errors) fixed.
  7. Compilation errors on GNU gcc 4.1 ("invalid extra qualification") fixed.
  8. Several minor changes.

Release 4.0

Dasas

  1. Graphical Dasa view showing the Dasas on the time axis. This view allows to get a synchronous overview of different Dasas.
  2. New text view of Dasas showing Mahadasas and Antardasas in comprehensive tabular form.
  3. Entry charts can be created for the starting point of all Dasas.

Solar/Tajaka Chart

Solar/Tajaka charts are supported in Vedic and western mode. It is possible to create new documents based on Solar charts and to analyse them like normal charts.

Ephemeris

  1. Graphical Ephemeris in different circles like 360 deg, 90 deg or Nakshatra view (13:20).
  2. Ingress Events of the planets are supported for signs and Nakshatras.
  3. The Krishnamurti view calculates the starting events of lord/sublord periods.
  4. Sunrise, sunset, sidereal time and Tithi (Vedic date) are supported.
  5. Lunar phases and start of Tithis can be shown in another view.

Printout

The printout is completely rewritten. Printout is done in PDF format and viewing/printing is delegated to the PDF viewer (like Acrobat Reader or xpdf).

Different printout types can be configured. This new feature allows e.g. a multi page printout with several Vargas or Dasas.

Partner Chart

The partner view supports the Composite chart. This kind of chart is based upon the midpoints of two charts.

Further Changes

Here is a list of further changes/enhancements since version 3.2.
  1. Russian language support.
  2. All text windows can be shown in HTML or plain text. Text export can be done in these two formats, too.
  3. Fonts and colors can be configured.
  4. Graphical Export of Charts: there are 3 new formats: TIF, PNM and PCX. The gif format has been removed.
  5. The main window list control can be shown in three different modes: Big icons (3.x style), small icons and report view.
  6. A context menu in the main window control gives access to several application commands.
  7. Several new house systems have been added.
  8. K.P. support for general Nakshatra Dasas (not only Vimsottari). This is intended to be an advanced research feature.

Removed Features

The following features have been removed.
  1. Narayana and Lagna Kendradi Dasa.
  2. Unusual Ayanamsas. Only the standard Ayanamsas are left: Lahiri, Raman, Krishnamurti and custom Ayanamsa.

Installation

This page describes some details of the installation process and gives hints for trouble shooting.

Reference Platforms

Reference platforms for compilation (all 64bit) are shown below. Compilation should work there.

Platform Compiler Role
Arch Linux gcc 7.1.1 and clang 4.0 Development platform
Mac OS X Yosemite Apple LLVM version 6.0 Build platform for Mac OS images (*.dmg)
Windows 8 MinGW gcc 4.9.3 Build platform for Windows installer (*.exe)
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial) gcc 5.4.0 Build platform for Ubuntu packages (*.deb)
FreeBSD 11 clang 3.8.0 Testing, see note below
OpenBSD 6 gcc 4.2.1 Testing
Cent OS 7 gcc 4.8.5 Testing
Fedora 25 gcc 6.3.1 Testing
OpenSUSE 42.2 gcc 4.8.5 Testing

UNIX-like Systems

The distribution is based on automake, so the traditional configure/make should be sufficient on most systems.

Prerequisites

You need wxWidgets including the headers. Version 3.0 is recommended. Legacy version 2.8 works as well. Version 2.6 is not supported any more.

Example list for wx 3.0 installation on Ubuntu is

The following command can be pasted to the console:
sudo apt-get install libwxbase3.0-0v5 libwxbase3.0-dev libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-0 libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev wx3.0-headers wx3.0-i18n libfontconfig1-dev

Other platforms have only 2 or 3 such packages. On Redhat/Fedora the wx packages are called wxGTK and wxGTK-dev.

We recommend Unicode packages if your platform provides Ansi and Unicode versions of the software. If not mentioned, Unicode will most likely be the default.

You can also compile wx from source code, see the wxWidgets Site.

Additional dependencies are

configure

Default installation directory ("prefix") is according to GNU conventions under /usr/local. Data directory would bei /usr/share/maitreya8, the binaries would be located at /usr/local/bin.

If you want to change this, type

./configure --prefix=<directory>

where <directory> could be something like '/usr' or '/opt'.

If the configure script complains about a wrong automake version you can run the autogen.sh script to create the automake stuff from scratch. Automake and aclocal must be installed in that case.

The wx-config script is essential for the platform dependent compiler switches. configure must find it, otherwise the program will not compile. wx-config is searched in various standard directories. If configure doesn't find your wx-config, start configure with the option

--with-wx-config=<name>

The resulting executable (src/gui/maitreya8.bin) will be quite big. You can strip if you don't want debugging informations (strip src/gui/maitreya8.bin).

The font "Saravali.ttf" from the directory "src/fonts" must be installed on your system.

This is done automatically by 'make install' and can be done manually as follows

Debian Linux and Derivatives

On Debian and derivates (Ubuntu, Mint etc.) there are packages for Swiss Ephemeris available.

The binaries and headers are available in the packages libswe0 resp. libswe-dev.

The packages can be used for compilation of Maitreya.

export LIBSWE_CFLAGS=-I/usr/include
export LIBSWE_LIBS="-lswe"
configure --with-swe=system

Data files for the swiss ephemeris are available in the packages

The data files will be installed under /usr/share/ephe. Maitreya will recognize the data files on startup and set the path to the directory automatically, see General Configuration/Ephemeris.

Free BSD

wxGTK must be installed. It can be found in the section x11-toolkits. Unicode version of wxgtk 3.0 is recommended.

The script wx-config is named wxgtk2u-3.0-config. The configure command looks like

./configure --with-wx-config=wxgtk2u-3.0-config
If configure complains about missing fontconfig installation you can set these environment variables and call configure again. See note below (C shell syntax, use export command for bash or ksh).

setenv FONTCONFIG_CFLAGS "-I/usr/include"
setenv FONTCONFIG_LIBS "-lfontconfig"
./configure --with-wx-config=wxgtk2u-3.0-config
make
If font installation with make install does not work you can install it manually instead: copy the font Saravali.ttf from the source directory src/fonts to /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF and restart the application.

Windows Systems

Visual Studio is not supported any more.

MinGW

The compilation with MinGW is a bit more complicated.

First step: install MinGW. This is straight forward. Read the corresponding MingGW documentation.

Second step: Installation of wxWidgets

Get the source code for wxWidgets from wxWidgets.org. You can fetch either the windows packages (like wx-msw) or the wxAll package. Unpack the source code. Documentation is under doc/msw.

Go to the the root directory of the wxWidgets source code distribution.

Type

./configure --disable-shared --enable-unicode
make
make install

You can also leave the option --disable-shared. You will then get a shared library of wxWidgets. The release will be bigger then.

If everything goes well, you'll have a ready-to-use wxWidgets installation.

You can test your installation by compiling one of the samples (e.g. sample minimal). Just go to the directory, type

make

and start the example.

Third step: Installation of Maitreya

Create a directory for the source code tree, e.g. c:\maitreya. Enter this directory.

Unpack the source code archive

unzip maitreya-<version>.zip (zip file)
or tar jxvf maitreya-<version>.tar.bz2 (bzip2 file) etc.

Type

make -f Makefile.win

Hope that everything's going well.

The executable (src/gui/maitreya.8exe) will be quite big. You can strip if you don't want debugging informations (strip src/gui/maitreya.exe).

Note

You need the MinGW DLL to start the program. So you can either start the program from the MinGW shell or you provide the files (one or more mingw*.dll) on the path.

These files are located in the msys or mingw directory. It's okay to copy them to the place where the executable or Maitreya is located. Probably you can also copy them to the windows directory, try it.

Compilation on Mac OS X

The program compiles and runs on Mac OS X Yosemite or later. GNU gcc and g++ are required (install xcode)

The following steps work on Mac OS X Yosemite with wxWidgets-3.0.3: download wxWidgets source package, unpack it. Create folder for build, change to folder and call configure and make

../configure --disable-shared --with-macosx-version-min=10.6
make
Unpack the maitreya release and call configure and make.

export CC="gcc -mmacosx-version-min=10.6"
export CXX="g++ -mmacosx-version-min=10.6"
./configure --with-wx-config=[path-to-wx-build]/wx-config
make
Calling the script "create_mac_release.sh" will create the release directory and application folder "Maitreya8.app" with required data. It can be started with the "open" command or with mouse click from the Finder.

Create the disk image with

create_mac_release.sh dmg

Getting Started Guide

The First Chart

On startup two windows will open, a main window with menu and icon list and a chart window with a table of planetary positions.

Basic Configuration

The configuration is under Extras → Configuration.

Minimal steps

  1. First tab ("General"): select your preferred view style: Vedic or Western.
  2. Go to the second tab and configure the Default Location.

Basic Philosophy


Shortcuts

Mac OS X Note

According to conventions the shortcut Ctrl must be replaced by the Cmd Key.

Mouse Actions

Action View Type Effect
Right Click All Open Context Menu
Mouse Wheel Graphical Chart (Vedic and western) Toggle Skin
Mouse Wheel Graphical Dasa, Dasa Tree View and Text Views Scroll
Shift + Mouse Wheel Graphical Dasa Toggle Antardasa Level
Ctrl + Mouse Wheel Graphical Dasa Increase/decrease Zoom

Keyboard Shortcuts

Actions on already opened Views

Description Accelerator
Vedic Mode V
Western Mode W
Close Window Ctrl+W
Close Window Escape
Close File Shift+Ctrl+W
Edit Horoscope Data B
Animate Chart Shift+Ctrl+A
Save Ctrl+S
Save As Ctrl+A
PDF Chart Ctrl+P
Quick PDF Chart Shift+Ctrl+P

Actions on Application Level

Description Accelerator Remark
New Ctrl+N Single or multiple accorinding to config
New Single View Shift+Ctrl+N Always single type
Multiple Child Choice Shift+Ctrl+M Always multiple type
Multiple Child Ctrl+M Choice for multiple view type
Open Ctrl+O Open a file
Exit Ctrl+Q Leave the application
Configuration C OS X: Cmd+,
Atlas L
Hora H
Ephemeris E
Eclipse Ctrl+E
Partner P
Yoga Editor Ctrl+Y
Documentation (Web) F1 Internet connection required
About Shift+F1

Create new Views

Description Accelerator
Ashtakavarga A
Dasa Tree D
Dasa Tree Composite Ctrl+D
Graphical Dasa G
Sarvatobhadra S
Shadbala Ctrl+B
Solar Ctrl+T
TextView T
Transit R
Uranian U
Varga Summary Ctrl+V
Western Chart 0
Yoga Y

Vedic Varga Charts

Description Accelerator
Rasi (D-1) 1
Navamsa (D-9) 2
Hora (D-2) 3
Drekkana (D-3) 4
Chaturtamsa (D-4) 5
Sastamsa (D-6) 6
Saptamamsa (D-7) 7
Ashtamsa (D-8) 8
Dasamsa (D-10) 9
Dvadasamsa (D-12) Shift+0
Shodasamsa (D-16) Shift+1
Vimsamsa (D-20) Shift+2
Siddhamsa (D-24) Shift+3
Bhamsa (D-27) Shift+4
Trimsamsa (D-30) Shift+5
Chatvarimsamsa (D-40) Shift+6
Akshavedamsa (D-45) Shift+7
Shastiamsa (D-60) Shift+8
Ashtottaramsa (D-108) Shift+9
Dvadas-Davadamsa (D-144) Shift+Ctrl+0
Bhava Shift+Ctrl+1

Views

Part 1: Views based upon a Single Horoscope

Section Subsection Contents
General Views General Views/Basic Horoscope View Basic list of objects (planets etc.) and their astrological properties
General Views/Text View Various text representations for Vedic and western astrologers
General Views/Transit View Transits, directions and several arc methods
General Views/Solar View Chart of yearly Solar return
Vedic Views Vedic Views/Vedic Chart View Graphical charts in Vedic mode
Vedic Views/Varga View Summary of Varga charts and their strength evaluation
Vedic Views/Sarvatobhadra View Sarvatobhadra Chakra (Sbc)
Vedic Views/Dasa Views Dasas (periods) in various types
Vedic Views/Yoga View Combinations of planets in Vedic Chart
Vedic Views/Ashtakavarga View Strength according to chapter 66 ff. of Parasara Hora Shastra
Vedic Views/Shadbala View Another source of strength according to Parasara
Western Views Western Views/Western Chart View Circular display in western mode
Western Views/Uranian View Display relations of objects according to Uranian astrology

Part 2: Other Views and Dialogs

Section Subsection Contents
Other Astrological Views Other Astrological Views/Partner View Vedic and western views for combination of two charts
Other Astrological Views/Ephemeris View Information about the monthly ephemeris
Other Astrological Views/Eclipse View Solar and Lunar Eclipses
Other Astrological Views/Hora View Lord of the hour according to Vedic astrology
Dialogs Dialogs/Data Dialog Enter personal birth data, location and time zone
Dialogs/Atlas Dialog Directory of worldwide locations and their coordinates

General Views

Basic Horoscope View

In single view mode this view is the first displayed after creating a new chart. It is the main view of a horoscope's life cycle i.e. closing it closes all other views related to the horoscope (e.g. graphical charts, text views).

The view contains the positions of the astrologic objects and their properties. For further information see the articles on Astrological Objects and Astrological Properties.


Text View

This view contains the text based output related to several topics of Vedic and western astrology.

Remark: text output can be stored in a file: right click the text output and select one of the commands in the Export submenu. The output format can be either HTML (plain or formatted), plain text or csv.

Section Contents
Base Data Comprehensive View of birth data and basic attributes of the horoscope.
Arabic Parts Summary of all Arabic Parts. A selection of these objects can be shown in either western or Vedic chart.
Ashtakavarga Textual view of Asthtakavarga, see the Ashtakavarga page.
Astronomical High precision display of longitudes and latitudes. This page can be used for detailed view into calculation.
Bhava Shows the houses according to Vedic astrology. Cusps and Sandhis are showin in a single table. The second table shows the house position of the objects. This is done according to configuration, i.e. either relative to cusps or sandhi.
Dasa (Short) Short representation of Dasas, see the Nakshatra Dasas and Kalachakra Dasa pages. The dasa type can be selected in the toolbar.
Dasa Compact Dasa presentation in a table containing Antardasas and the current Pratyantardasa. Dasa type can be selected in the toolbar.
Dasa Long Comprehensive Dasa presentation. Dasa type can be selected in the toolbar.
Jaimini See Jaimini Astrology
Krishnamurti Paddhati See Krishnamurti Paddhati
Nakshatra Comprehensive view of the Nakshatra based properties. See the Nakshatras and Asta Koota pages.
Shadbala Textual view of Shadbala, see the Shadbala page.
Varga Textual view of Vargas, see the Vargas (Divisions) page.
Vedic Aspectarium See Drishtis (Aspects)
Vedic Planets This page contains basic planetary positions in Vedic view.
Western Aspectarium Overview of aspects in western astrology. For configuration of aspect types and orbes see Configuration: Western Astrology/Aspects
Western Planets This page contains basic planetary positions in western view.

Transit View

This view displays several transit-like events for a given horoscope and event date.

Transit Modes

The supported transit modes are

Year Length

The year length is important for directions and all arc methods. Supported values are

Solar View

The Solar chart is the horoscope of Solar return i.e. the horoscope of the moment the Sun returns to his position at birthday.

Remark: exact time of return is different for calculations with and without Ayanamsa.

Vimsottari Dasa and Muntha

TODO Muntha calculation and signification Vimsottari

Vedic Views

These views are used in Vedic astrology. See the General Views page for views that are shared between Vedic and western astrology.

Vedic Chart View

The Vedic chart shows a graphical representation of all supported Vargas including the Bhava chart. See the pages Vargas (Divisions) resp. House Systems for details.

The chart is displayed either in South, North and East Indian style.This option and many others can be changed in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Chart dialog.

Several calculation options (e.g. Hora, Drekkana mode, friends, Varga signification) can be configure in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation dialog.

Keyboard

Each Varga chart has its own keyboard shortcut for startup (e.g. Rasi=1), see the Shortcuts page.

  • Escape or Ctrl+W: close chart
  • ↑ and ↓ (arrows): change the skin of the chart
  • → and ← (arrows): toggle North/South/East indian style of the chart
Mouse actions
  • Mouse over: highlight current Rasi
  • Wheel: change skin
  • Shift mouse over: show aspects from the current Rasi
  • Ctrl mouse over: show aspects aspecting the current Rasi
  • Alt: show all aspects

Context Menu

Several style options can be changed with the context menu (Mouse button 2). These changes take only effect on the current chart. Permanent changes can be made in the config dialog.

Display of Planets

Planets and other objects can be show either as symbol or with their name. This can be configured in the User Interface Configuration/Planets and Signs dialog.

Aspects

Aspects can be shown with the shortcuts described above. Aspect types are either Graha or Rasi drishti. See the Drishtis (Aspects) page for more information.

Fields under the mouse pointer can be zoomed or highlighted, this can be changed in the config dialog.

Other Display Options

Several options are available.

Varga View

This view contains the aggregated information about the Vargas of a radix horoscope.

See the Vargas (Divisions) page in the Articles section.

Sarvatobhadra View

Sarvatobhadra is a Nakshatra based technique of ancient Vedic astrology. Astrological information can be found on the Sarvatobhadra page in the articles section.

Semantic of SBC is similar to Varga chart (replace Rasi by Nakshatra) and therefore the view works similar.

Keyboard
    • S: open a new SBC chart for the current horoscope
    • Escape: close chart
    • ↑ and ↓ (arrows): change the skin of the chart
    Mouse actions
    • Mouse over: highlight current Nakshatra
    • Wheel: change skin
    • Click button 1: toggle markup of field under the mouse pointer
    • Shift mouse over: show Vedhas from the current Nakshatra
    • Ctrl mouse over: show Vedhas aspecting the current Nakshatra
    • Alt: show all Vedhas
The display options are similar to the default Vedic chart view, see above.

Additional Options for SBC

Special fields are marked in yellow. Birth Nakshatra, Rasi of Lagna and weekday of birth are marked by default. Markup can be toggled with mouse click.

Vedhas can be shown similar to aspects in Vedic Varga charts. Benefic (B) and malefic (M) property of Nakshatras (depend on the Moon) can be toggled in the the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Chart dialog.

Dasa Views

Dasas are the most important tool for timing of events in Vedic astrology. Astrological details can be found on the Nakshatra Dasas resp. Kalachakra Dasa pages.

Supported Dasas

The Dasas are divided into three groups.

First Group: Standard Dasas

The Standard Dasas are

The calculation of Vimsottari and Yogini Dasa follows the well known rules.

There are several configuration options for Kalachakra Dasa, see the sections Kalachakra Dasa and Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation.

Second Group: Conditional Dasas

These Dasas are described by Parasara. Conditional Dasas only apply to certain charts.

The Dasas are

  1. Ashtottari Dasa
  2. Shodshottari Dasa
  3. Dvadashottari Dasa
  4. Panchottari Dasa
  5. Shatabdika Dasa
  6. Chaturashiti Sama Dasa
  7. Dvisaptati Sama Dasa
  8. Shat Trimshat Sama Dasa

Third Group: Special Dasas

The 3rd group contains Lagna Vimsottari Dasa: it is like Vimsottari, but based upon the position of the Ascendant instead of the Moon.

Remark: Lagna Vimsottari calculation is always done according to the length method.

Calculation Options

Nakshatra Dasa can be calculated in 2 different modes This behaviour can be configured in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation tab of the configuration dialog.

View Types

First Type: Tree

There a two types of Dasa tree views
  1. Tree only, shortcut "D"
  2. Tree with text view ("Ctrl+D"). The text view contains the corresponding slokas from the classic scriptures, e.g. Parasara Hora Shastra or Jataka Parijata.
In tree views each Dasa has a root item which can be expanded up to arbitrary levels. So you can see Dasas, Antardasas (Bhuktis), Pratyantardasas, Sookshmantardasas, Pranadasas, etc. in a single view.

Entry Chart Action: The entry chart button is activated if a Dasa is selected in the tree view. You may click the button to create a new chart based upon the underlying entry time.

Second Type: Graphical

The graphical Dasa view appeared for the first time in release 4.0.

Supported mouse actions are
  • Mouse wheel: scroll contents
  • Shift + mouse wheel: toggle Antardasa mode, i.e. show Dasa, Antardasa, Pratyantardasa etc.
  • Ctrl + mouse wheel: change zoom
Goal of the window is to get a simultaneous view of multiple Dasas at the same time. This view may help to see the synchronized effects of multiple Dasas.

Remark: default colors are implemented according to Jataka Parijata II 21/23. They can be changed in the User Interface Configuration/Colors Panel.

Third Type: Text

These view types give a text based representation of Dasas. The Dasa type (Vimsottari etc.) can be chosen in the choice box of the toolbar.

There are three kinds of text output

  1. Short: one line per Mahadasa, Anatadasas are shown in one line.
  2. Compact: all Dasas in a single table. Current Pratyantardasas are shown in the last column.
  3. Long: Each Antardasa is shown in a separate table.

Yoga View

Yogas are combinations of astrological objects, the name is frequently used in Vedic astrology. There are simple Yogas (e.g. position of Ascendant in a sign) and quite complex ones dealing with many objects and restrictive conditions.

Special Types of Yogas

Some hints for interpreting Yogas:

Nabahasa Yogas are quite important. Each chart has a ruling Nabhasa Yoga determining the conditions of the person's life. The ruling Yoga is always the most complex one (if more than one Yoga matches).

Example: someone has all planets in houses 7, 8, 9 and 10, Sakti Yoga (all planets in 4 continous houses from th 7th) matches as well as Kedara (all planets in 4 signs). The ruling Yoga is Sakti.

Lunar Yogas: the Moon is the most important ruler of the mind. So Lunar Yogas give the hint for general mental disposition of the person.

Mixed results mostly show their effect during the corresponding Dasas. So Yogas have a static view on the person's life; Dasas can tell us the time of the events.

Yoga View

Attributes of Yogas are

Varga Choice: determines which Varga chart to use for evaluation of the matching condition. Effects apply to that chart (e.g. Saptamamsa to children).

Nakshatra based Yogas can only match in Rasi chart.

Yoga Editor

This tool can be used for manual editing of Yoga conditions and interpretations.

Ashtakavarga View

See the Ashtakavarga page in the Articles section.

Shadbala View

See the Shadbala pages in the Articles section.


Western Views

These views are used in western astrology. See the General Views page for views that are shared between western and Vedic astrology.

Western Chart View

The western chart shows a circular graphical representation.

Keyboard
  • 0 (zero): open a new western chart realated to the current horoscope
  • Escape or Ctrl+W: close chart
  • ↑ and ↓ (arrows): change the skin of the chart
  • → and ← (arrows): change chart orientation (reference point to angles)
Mouse actions
  • Wheel: change skin
  • Mouse over: highlight planet under the mouse and its aspects

Context Menu

Several style options can be changed with the context menu (Mouse button 2). These changes take only effect on the current chart. Permanent changes can be made in the config dialog.

Display of Planets

Planets and signs are shown as symbols in western chart. Several of them have multiple symbols (Uranus, Pluto, Capricorn). The desired display type can be selected in the User Interface Configuration/Planets and Signs dialog.

Aspects

Aspects can be configured in two tabs of the configuration dialog
  1. Aspect types to be displayed, their orbis and visual representation can be configured in the Configuration: Western Astrology/Aspects tab.
  2. Behaviour on mouse over events (magnifying etc.) can be configured in the Configuration: Western Astrology/Western Chart tab. Aspect display can be switched off completely if desired.

Other Display Options

Several options are available.

Uranian View

This is the basic view for Uranian astrology giving an insight to the radix horoscope, see Uranian Astrology for an introduction to this topic.

Toolbar

Elements of the toolbar are

Tables containing Algebraic Combinations

These tabs contain various additive algebraic relations of two objects.

Relations are

Views of Matching Event

These views contain the matching events of the radix horoscope according to the current configuration, i.e. filter, circle type, orbis, event types.

There are two different view of events

Yearly Preview

The yearly preview adresses the so called Future Points described by Alfred Witte.

It contains the pair and triple events that will match within a given year. Calculation is done according to Solar arc.


Other Astrological Views

Partner View

The partner is used in Vedic and western astrology.

The view depends upon two charts. Select the desired charts from the partner choice boxes.

Double Chart

Shows the planets of both charts in graphical representation (Vedic or western).

Vedic Partner Chart

This tab contains the Asta Koota, a compatibility analysis of Vedic astrology.

More information can be found on the Asta Koota page.

Chart 1 is the groom, chart 2 is the bride.

Composite Chart

Midpoints of the planets of both charts.

Medridian is the midpoint, too. Ascendant of the composite calculated according to Meridian.

Sarvatobhadra

Planets of both charts in graphical SBC representation.

Vargas

3 tabs with combined Varga charts.

Uranian

Planets of chart 1 in midpoints of chart 2 and vice versa.

See the Uranian Astrology section for informations about Uranian astrology.

Ephemeris View

See the related links on the right side for basic information about ephemeris calculation options

Time Zone

The time zone is either the local time zone of the default location or the Universal Time (Greenwich Mean Time). Events are calculated for 0:00 of the underlying date.

Default Ephemeris

The ephemeris can be shown in western or vedic mode. Differences between these two modes are
  1. The list of planets is according to the configuration in Vedic resp. western astrology.
  2. The order of the planets is different: western mode has the astronomical order, Vedic mode has the week day order.
  3. Ayanamsa is calculated according to configuration for western/Vedic Ayanamsa.
  4. Nodes may be different, too (-according to configuration of true/mean node for western/Vedic mode).

Graphical Ephemeris

The graphical representation can be configured for different circle types (similiar to Unranian astrology).

Sunrise and Sunset

Sunrise and sunset are always calculated for the default location. Even the time zone UT has the corrdinates of the default location.

Sunrise and sunset can be configured in the General Configuration/Ephemeris tab of the configuration dialog.

Ingress Events

This view calculates the ingress times of the objects. Western and Vedic show sign changes. Vedic view shows Nakshatra changes, too.

Tithi and Lunar Events

Tithis and lunar events are based upon the position of the Sun and the Moon, resp. the angle from Sun to Moon.

Western View

Western astrology pays attention to the classical aspects, e.g. conjunction for New Moon or opposition for Full Moon.

Vedic View

Vedic astrology divides the month (i.e. the time between 2 New Moon events) into 30 equal parts, each of 12 deg.

The first half is the bright part of the month (Sukla Paksha), the second half is the dark half of the month (Krishna Paksha).

Remark: The Tithi of a day is defined to be the Tithi at sunrise. So a birth before sunrise has the Tithi of the day before!

Krishnamurti Paddhati (K.P.) Events

K.P. events are are based upon the position of the Moon in her Nakshatras (Lunar mansions, stellar constellations).

Each Lunar position has a K.P. lord and sublord. These lords change from time to time, e.g. on a Nakshatra change of the Moon. The K.P. event view of Maitreya's ephemeris view calculates these events.

Classical K.P. astrology uses only Vimsottari Dasa. But the program calculates K.P. events for general Nakshatra Dasas, too. This feature is intended for research purposes.

Eclipse View

This view shows Lunar and Solar eclipses for a given time span.

Hora View

Hora is described in the articles section, see Hora.


Dialogs

Data Dialog

Atlas Dialog

The built-in atlas is a database for a huge amount of wordlwide location data.

This page describes the user interface of the Atlas Dialog.

Filter

The filter is ASCII case insensitive, i.e. uppercase and lowercase ASCII characters match. Special characters are case sensitive, e.g. German ü and Ü are distinct regarding filter matching.

Supported filter wildcards are

There is always an implicit "*" wildcard at the end of the filter string.

Country List

The database stores about 250 countries. So the country list in the Atlas Dialog has a selection of favourite countries.

The favourite country list can be configured in the General Configuration/Atlas dialog.

Location Name Types

Atlas entries have 3 different types of names that can be configured in the choice box on the top right of the dialog

Managing Locations

Atlas entries can be edited Notes

  1. The countries in the "Edit" and "New" dialog are always filtered according to the configuration
  2. Admin codes and time zone choice depend on the selected country

Object Filter Dialog


Configuration

The configuration dialog is the central interface to control the bahaviour of the application.

It can be opened with the following shortcuts
  • Keyboard: Shortcut "C"
  • Menu: Extras → Configuration
  • Toolbar: Configuration icon (wrench, normally on the right side)
  • Context Menu: Right click in the Application window list view, chose command Configuration

Available Tabs

The following table summarizes the subpages and provides the links to the detailed descriptions.

Node Subnode Contents
General Configuration General Configuration Standard style (Vedic/western), standard location.
General Configuration/Ephemeris Fine grained configuration of calculation options.
General Configuration/Multiple Views Enable multiple views and choose their style
General Configuration/Atlas Selection of database, import of data, manage favourite countries.
General Configuration/Printout Standard printout, options for PDF creation and PDF viewer.
General Configuration/Animation Frequency, step length and interval for animated charts.
User Interface Configuration User Interface Configuration/Sheets and Tables Manage styles of sheets and tables.
User Interface Configuration/Planets and Signs Visual presentation of astrological objects and zodiacal signs.
User Interface Configuration/Fonts Fonts used for text views, charts and printout.
User Interface Configuration/Colors Global color configuration.
User Interface Configuration/Toolbar Buttons in the main toolbar and their order.
Configuration: Vedic Astrology Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Objects and Properties Objects used in Vedic astrology; options for main view
Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Chart Styles of Vedic charts.
Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation Calculation options for Vedic astrology.
Configuration: Western Astrology Configuration: Western Astrology/Objects and Properties Objects used in western astrology, options for main view.
Configuration: Western Astrology/Western Chart Styles of western charts.
Configuration: Western Astrology/Western Calculation Calculation options for western astrology.
Configuration: Western Astrology/Aspects Display of aspects and theirs orbes in western chart and text views.
General Configuration/Miscellaneous Several global options

General Configuration

srceenshot

Default Style

Default Style - whether new horoscopes will have Vedic or western style as standard.

Many views have the option to change the type later.

Keyboard
  • V: change to Vedic mode
  • W: change to western mode
Mouse actions
  • Right click into the view, open context menu and chose Vedic Mode or Western Mode

Language

This option is only active under Windows. On other platforms the chosen language will be shown in the disabled choice box. More informations about language setup can be found on the Translation page.

Window Life Cycle

Standard Location

The standard location will be used for all new charts, for the Hora window, Ephemeris, Transit window and the status bar info.

You can open the atlas dialog if you click the button Search Location. Alternatively you can enter the first letters of a location name and type Enter.

Time zone and daylight savings values are shown on the right side. These values are read only and taken from the system configuration.


Ephemeris

srceenshot

Custom Ayanamsa

See the Ayanamsa section.

A instruction for installation of the data files can be found in the section on Ephemeris Data Files.

Calculation Options

Calculation options are described in detail at the Calculation Options section.

Calculation options are sensitive parameters! You should not change them if you are not sure what you do!

Sunrise and Sunset

These options take effect for special Lagnas, Kala Velas and Hora calculation. The difference between the option will be about several minutes of time.

Reference Point

Whether the center or the border of the disk shall be in the horizon at sunrise/sunset time.

Use Refraction

Refraction is an optical phenomenon that is based upon the curvature of the sunlight in the atmosphere. Refraction will be taken into account if you check this option (apparent position).

Multiple Views

srceenshot

Default View Type

This choice box determines if new chart are opend in single or multiple view mode.

Multiple View Selection

There are several multiple view types for Vedic resp. western astrologers. Each type has a short description in the text box below.

Notebooks in Multiple Views

The notebook type and orientation can be changed with this option. Changes only apply if a new window is opened.


Atlas

srceenshot The atlas dialog is described on the Dialogs/Atlas Dialog page.

Atlas Database File

The atlas data is stored in a SQLite 3 database, see the Atlas Database page.

The panel below the input field shows if the selected file is valid.

Atlas Import

The atlas database can be imported from a SQL file.

The default import file is located in the directory "atlas/geonames1000.sql". It contains an extract of the geonames.org atlas DB (worldwide cities with more than 1000 inhabitants).

Supported import formats are

The import can be canceled while running. The database will quite likely be invalid then. Backups are stored according to the configuration in the General Configuration/Miscellaneous tab (no backup/single backup/infinite backups).

Country List

The atlas database stores about 250 worldwide countries. The country list in the Atlas Dialog has only a selection of favourite countries.

The button "change countries" opens a dialog for the configuration of favourite countries.

This feature works only if a valid database file is selected.


Printout

srceenshot
You can find the description of the print feature on the Printing Charts page.

Default Printout

One of the pre-configured printouts can be selected. The panel below shows a short description of the printout.

Options for Printout

Chart style - choose the desired chart style (graphical charts in Vedic/western mode) for printout.

Paper format - choose the desired paper format for the PDF output.

Ask on owerwrite - whether a dialog prompt will be shown before existing PDF files are overwritten.

Footer in PDF Output

You can configure if a custom footer will be printed in the PDF output.

This option can be used to print additional information (like name of astrologer) in the PDF documents. The footer will be printed at the bottom of the first page.

You can use pre-defined variables to print additional information on the fly

Launching the Pdf Viewer

You can configure if you want to launch a Pdf viewer after creation of Pdf printouts. The startup of the viewer depends on your operating system.


Animation

srceenshot

Animation

These options influence the step intervals and step widths for animated charts.

Keyboard
  • Shift+Ctrl+A: toggle animation
Mouse actions
  • Right click into the view, open context menu and chose Animate Chart

Mode

The following options are available

Frequency

The animation frequency determines the update interval, e.g. a value of 5 sec. means that every 5 seconds the chart and its dependent windows will be updated.

Step Length

The step length (only available for custom steps) determines the value that is added on each update. You can choose a number and a multiplicator like seconds, days, etc.


Miscellaneous

srceenshot This tab contains general options that influence the general behaviour of the application.

Miscellaneous

Backups of Location DB

Configure if you want the program to create backups of the location database. Options are

User Interface Configuration

Sheets and Tables

srceenshot

Planets and Signs

srceenshot

Presentation of Signs and Planets

These options affect text windows, graphical charts and printouts.


Fonts

srceenshot 5 types of fonts are supported The Choose button will open a configuration dialog for the selected font. The panel under the button shows a sample text for the selected font.

Remark: restart of the application is recommended after font changes.


Colors

srceenshot

Tab General

Foreground Colors

Background Colors

Remark: restart of the application is recommended after color changes.

Tab Charts

This tab is self explaining. Click on the buttons to change the color of the correspoding object.

Display of colors can be activated/deactivated in the western chart tab resp. Vedic chart tab or the corresponding chart context menus.

Tab Bar Diagrams

This tab contains the configuration for graphical Dasa display.

The underlying Dasa can be selected in the left upper choice box. Dasas can be of Rasi (sign based) or Graha (planet) type.

Background images can only be used if the stipple background style is selected. Background images must be located in the pictures directory, see Directory Layout.


Toolbar

srceenshot This tab affects the display of the toolbar in the application window.

Available items can be selected and sorted with the arrow buttons between the list boxes.


Configuration: Vedic Astrology

Objects and Properties

srceenshot The first page contains the configuration for astrological objects (i.e. bodies like planet, nodes) and their properties.

Most of these options can be changed on already opened charts: right click the chart and chose the option from the menu.

More detailed descriptions can be found on the Astrological Objects and Astrological Properties pages.


Vedic Chart

srceenshot You can configure the display of Vedic charts on this page. The preview on the right side shows immediately the result.

Several of these options can be changed on already opened charts: right click the chart and chose the option from the menu.

Shortcuts

Keyboard
  • ↑ and ↓ (up and down arrow): change skin
  • ← and → (right and left arrow): change between east, north and south indian style
Mouse actions
  • Right click: open context menu
  • Mouse wheel: change skin
Additional astrological information can be found on the Jaimini Astrology and Sarvatobhadra pages.

Display of aspects on Mouse Over

This tab allows you to configure if aspects are shown on Mouse over event (i.e. the mouse pointer is over a chart).

See Drishtis (Aspects) for information about aspects in Vedic astrology.


Vedic Calculation

srceenshot

Tab General

See the pages on Ayanamsa and House Systems.

Tab Vargas

See the Vargas (Divisions) page.

Tab Nakshatras and Dasas

See the pages Nakshatra Dasas and Kalachakra Dasa.

Tab Kala Velas

See the Upagrahas and Kala Velas page.

Tab Ashtakavarga

See the Ashtakavarga page.

Tab Jaimini

See the Jaimini Astrology page.


Configuration: Western Astrology

Objects and Properties

srceenshot The first page contains the configuration for astrological objects (i.e. bodies like planet, nodes) and their properties.

Most of these options can be changed on already opened charts: right click the chart and chose the option from the menu.

More detailed descriptions can be found on the Astrological Objects and Astrological Properties pages.


Western Chart

srceenshot You can configure the display of western charts on this page. The preview on the right side shows immediately the result.

Several of these options can be changed on already opened charts: right click the chart and chose the option from the menu.

Shortcuts

Keyboard
  • ↑ and ↓ (up and down arrow): change skin
  • ← and → (right and left arrow): toggle the chart orientation
Mouse actions
  • Right click: open context menu
  • Mouse wheel: change skin

Western Calculation

srceenshot See the pages on Ayanamsa and House Systems.


Aspects

srceenshot This tab affetcs calculation and display of aspects in the aspectarium and western charts.

Display of each aspect can be switched on and off. The orbis is the maximal event distance between two objects.

Parallel aspect is based upon the declination (not longitude) of the planets. Antiparallel aspect occurs if two objects have the same declination value in different directions (e.g. 10° North vs. 10° south).


Technical Topics

This chapter contains technical information.

Table of Contents

Section Contents
Git Source code repository access for developers
Directory Layout Directory layout of configuration, location database etc.
Atlas Database Internal about the storage of atlas data
Character Sets Information about character sets on various platforms
Symbol Font Astrological glyphs needed by the program


Git

The Github repositories give access to the source code of all releases. In the development repo you can fetch the bleeding edge sources.

There are three respositories available.

Repo URL Contents
Version 8 https://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya8 Current release and development
Version 7 https://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya7 Old stable release
Version 6 https://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya6 Legacy release, still included in some older Linux or UNIX distributions

UNIX Console

Open a shell and checkout the sources. The following example command will checkout the head of maitreya7 to the local directory maitreya.git.

git clone https://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya8.git maitreya.git
A git client must be installed on your machine.

Browser

Open the URL (see above). You can download a zip file of the sources.

File Releases

The file releases can be found under the "releases" link on top of the repository overview table.

Bug Reporting

There is an issue list with known and solved bugs on github, see https://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya8/issues.


Directory Layout

This chapter explains the platform dependent directory layout of the application.

Directory Types

The types are

Type Contents
PROGRAMDIR Binaries
DATADIR Basic data directory
RESOURCESDIR Configs for charts etc.
LANGUAGEDIR Translations
CONFIGDIR personal configuration
Platform dependent directories are

Type Platform Directory Remark
PROGRAMDIR Windows c:\Program Files (x86)\Maitreya8 Depends on language and installation.
Linux + UNIX $prefix/bin Prefix is usually /usr/local (GNU) or /usr (most Linuxes)
Mac OS x Maitreya8.app/Contents
DATADIR Windows PROGRAMDIR
Linux + UNIX $prefix/maitreya8
Mac OS x Maitreya8.app/Resources
RESOURCESDIR Windows PROGRAMDIR\resources
Linux + UNIX DATADIR/resources
Mac OS x DATADIR
LANGUAGEDIR Windows PROGRAMDIR
Linux + UNIX $prefix/share/locale With subdirectories for language and messages, e.g. /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES
Mac OS x DATADIR
CONFIGDIR Windows c:\Users\username\.maitreya-8.0 Depends on user name and Windows version
Linux + UNIX $HOME/.maitreya-8.0 Depends on user name
Mac OS x $HOME/.maitreya-8.0 Depends on user name

Details

Global configuration file

File name: CONFIGDIR/config.json

The file stores most parameters of the configuration dialog and several convenience options, e.g. window sizes. The file is read on startup and written when the application closes. It can be saved using the menu command Extras→Save Configuration, too.

The location database

File name: CONFIGDIR/geonames.db

This is a SQLite3 database file. It is created from an SQL dump geonames1000.sql in DATADIR/atlas on the first startup of the atlas dialog.

See the Atlas Database page for more information.

Sheet configuration file

It is copied to CONFIGDIR on the the first startup and contains the configuration of sheets and tables (config dialog tab User interface).

JSON Files for Yogas, Dasas, charts, printouts and Multiple Views

These files have generally two locations The global files are provided by the official release, local files are additions by the user.

In the source code tree the global files are located under src/resources.

Order of files: first the global directory is read in alphabetical order, then the local directory.

Item Directory Remark
Western Charts wchart
Multiple Views mview
Vedic Charts vchart
Printout print
Yogas yogas Only local files are used. They are copied on the first startup
Dasa Texts dasas

Images

The images are located in the directory DATADIR/pics. The pictures can be used as background for graphical Dasa display or custom chart graphic configuration. Only small pictures are recommended (performance).

The True Type font

The font Saravali.ttf is located in the directory DATADIR/fonts.


Atlas Database

This page explains the internals of the database and gives some hints for user defined actions on the data.

Database Format

The database is based upon wxsqlite which is a wrapper around the SQLite 3 database.

Example

Start the command line tool and show a list of available tables.

~/.maitreya-7.0> sqlite3 geonames.db
SQLite version 3.6.22
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite> .tables
admincodes atlas_ascii geonames
atlas countries geonames_aliases
atlas_alias featurecodes timezones
sqlite>

Import Location Data

The atlas database contains data from geonames.org. The source code distribution of Maitreya contains a perl script (src/atlas/geonames.pl) that can be used for user defined import or update of the atlas data.

Example steps

Filtering User Defined Entries

User defined changes of the database are marked internally. So a separate export of these records is possible.

The table "geonames" has a column "usercode" with values

Example

~/.maitreya-7.0> sqlite3 geonames.db
SQLite version 3.7.9 2011-11-01 00:52:41
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite> select usercode,count(*) from geonames group by usercode;
0|123392
1|8
2|7
sqlite>
In the example 8 records were changed, 7 records were added.


Character Sets

This chapter describes the pitfalls of language depending character sets.

Maitreya supports Unicode character sets since release 4.0. Old version have Ansi charsets. This code page change may lead to several problems.

Charset Problems in Location Database, etc

You may see broken characters in the location database if you copy your old file "locations.dat" to the the directory of the Unicode release.

Older versions of the location database had Ansi format; the new database has Unicode format. Solution: open the database file "locations.dat" in a Unicode capable editor (like Word on Windows or gedit on Linux). Save the file in Unicode UTF-8 format. The problem should disappear then.

Same for astrological data files "*.mtx" etc.

Unicode Charsets on Windows Platforms

Unicode character sets are especially required for non European (e.g. Telugu) translation and display of Sanskrit characters in Sarvatobhadra view.

Problems in Unicode charset display can be a result of Windows configuration.

On Windows XP, additional support for Unicode languages can be installed as follows:
Start →Settings → Control Panel → Regional Options and Language Options.

In the Languages tab, check the Supplemental language support option(s) you want. Setting both options will install all optional fonts. This option adds fonts as well as system support for those languages.

Installation on Windows 2000 is similar.

Unicode on Windows 9x

On Windows 95 and 98 the compilation must done with libunicows (a Unicode library for Windows).

Setting up the Correct Language on Unix/Linux Systems

Language configuration on Linux/Unix is done with the environment variable LANG. This variable holds the ISO code of the desired language and country plus extra information about the character set.

Example

Most systems have the correct configuration by default because installation programs generally setup the correct language.

If not, try to set the language manually:
export LANG=te for Bource Again Shell or setenv LANG te for csh.
Or try export LANG=te_IN (may work on some systems like Fedora 5).

Russian language should be configured with export LANG=ru_RU, German lang with de_DE, etc.

Still having Problems

Please check the list if you have problems with Unicode charsets on Linux/UNIX


Symbol Font

pic

Sample output of the symbol font.

Font File

The glyphs for zodiacal signs, planets and aspects are stored in a font that is automatically installed by the installation program resp. Linux package. Nevertheless sometimes manual installation is necessary.

The font file name is Saravali.ttf, the file is usually located in the subdirectory fonts. The exact location is described in the Directory Layout chapter.

Debian Linux Note

Please note that in the symbol font is not contained in the standard maitreya package in the Debian repositories. Is is contained in the extra package fonts-maitreya8.

Manual Installation

Manual font installation is platform dependent.

Windows

Double click on the font in the Explorer, click on the installation button in the next dialog.

Linux and Unix

Open a file manager (Nautilus, Dolphin, Caja etc.), right click the font file and install it.

Alternativly, the font file can be copied to the directory $HOME/.fonts.

MacOS X

Right click on the font file in the Finder and install it.

Miscellaneous

This chapter contains additional information.

Table of Contents

Section Contents
Printing Charts Generate PDF output and print it.
Translation How to translate the program
Feature Requests Contribute to the improvement of the program
History of the Program History of the program from first steps until now
[error:link documentation/users not found] Who uses the program


Printing Charts

The printout of Maitreya has been re-implemented in version 4.0. The new philosophy of printout is based upon Pdf documents. This approach eliminated various pitfalls of platform dependent printout (e.g. font sizes, page feeds) and enables the printout for web applications. Printouts can easily be exchanged via email.

The program generates Pdf files and stores them to the file system. These files can be viewed with a standard Pdf viewer like xpdf or Acrobat Reader.

The type of printout can be configured in the configuration dialog or in the print configuration dialog.

Print Commands

There are 2 print commands

  1. Standard Print Command: Choose Document->Print, check the print button in the tool bar or type Ctrl+P. The print configuration dialog will pop up and lets you choose your desired printout. The pre-selected printout can be configured in the configuration dialog. (Apprearance tab).
  2. Quick Print Command: Choose Document-> Quick Print or type Shift+Ctrl+P to generate a document according to the configured default printout..

Printout Types

There are several different printout types. These types can be configured in a separate file (printout.dat).

No. Printout Name Description
1 Vedic Default List of Planets including Nakshatras, Rasi and Navamsa Chart, Vimsottari Dasa (similar to old 3.x printout).
2 Western Default List of planets, western chart (similar to old 3.x printout).
3 Vedic KP Like (1) but with KP lords.
4 Western Uranian Like (2) but with Uranian planets, no houses.
5 Vedic Comprehensive Multipage printout with various Vargas, Vimsottari and Kalachakra Dasa.
Other printouts can easily configured. Users are encouraged to define their own printouts and commit them for the benefit of the community.

Launching the Pdf Viewer

The Pdf Viever can be launched automatically after creation of the Pdf document. This feature can be enabled in the configuration dialog (appearance tab). Details depend upon the operating system.

Windows Notes

Start of the Pdf Viewer depends upon the Windows configuration for the mimetype application/Pdf. This configuration will usually launch an Acrobat Reader.

UNIX/Linux Notes

An appropiate Pdf Viewer will be searched along the path if you execute the print command for the first time. The program will search for xpdf and kghostview and store the information in the configuration. You can change the viewer in the appearance tab of the configuration dialog.


Translation

Available Translations are

Language Code Remark
English en default language
French fr
German de
Hungarian hu
Italian it
Polish pl
Romanian ro
Russian ru
Spanish es
Tamil ta not complete
Telugu te update required
Singalese si Only chart graphics

Language Setup

Windows: Open the configuration dialog/tab general. Chose the language from the choice box. Restart the program.

Linux/OS x, UNIX: you must configure the environment variable LANG. The required command on the (Bash-) shell looks like

export LANG = de_DE.UTF-8
Examples for supported languages are
Language LANG
English (default) en_US.UTF-8
German de_DE.UTF-8
Polish pl_PL.UTF-8
Russian ru_RU.UTF-8
Telugu te_IN.UTF-8

Please restart the application after changing the language.

How to Translate the Program

Translation of the program is done with GNU gettext. There are free translation tools that make translation easy.

First Steps

Find out the correct language code (iso code) of your language. There is a 2 letter short code for almost every language, e.g. de for German language, etc. A list of these codes can be found in the Gettext Documentation.

Getting the PO File

The required PO file is The PO file is part of the source code release. e.g. the file maitreya[version].zip that can be downloaded from the source code distribution. It can be found in the directory "po".

It can also be downloaded from the Github source code repository. The root URL of the repository is http://github.com/martin-pe/maitreya8/tree/master/po.

Configuration on Windows Systems

Quit the program if it is running.

Open the configuration file which is located in in the configuration directory, see the Directory Layout chapter. Find the key General/langList. Add the code of your language with space separation.

Start the program and open the configuration dialog. Your language should be visible in the language list.

Make a new directory named like the code of your language in the program's folder, e.g.
c:\Program Files\Maitreya\LANG.

Copy the file maitreya8.pot to that directory an rename it to LANG.po.

Configuration on Linux/Unix Systems

Go to the po directory of the source code tree. Edit the file LINGUAS and add the code of your language. Copy the file maitreya8.pot to lang.po. Go to the root or the source tree and type

automake && autoconf && configure && make

The compiler will complain about missing header entries. Add these entries and try again.

Note: if you want to test your translation from the source code tree: create a directory named like the language code in the gui directory. Go into that directory and link the gmo file to maitreya8.mo, e.g.
ln -s ../../po/lang.gmo maitreya8.mo.

Write the Translation

Get a po file editor like poEdit or KBabel (available as package on most Linux/Unix systems).

Open the LANG.po file and translate the messages. There about 1000 messages. Compile the message catalogue to lang/maitreya8.mo (Windows) or lang.gmo (Linux/Unix) and test your translation.

You are encouraged to publish your translation for the benefit of the community.

Note: Non European languages should use a Unicode character set (UTF-8).


Feature Requests

Feature requests are important for the enhancement of the software. Many features of the current software are based upon the feedback of astrologers from all over the world. So the software has grown since the first public release in spring 2004.

Nevertheless the software is a compromise to fit the needs of astrologers. The focus of the development of the software is on the following points

Please read the release announcements on the developer page (if available) to get information about upcoming features.

Rules for the improvement of the software are

Astrological Features Out of Scope

The following astrological features are currently out of scope

Technical Features Out of Scope

The following technical features are currently out of scope


History of the Program

Version 1

srceenshot srceenshot The development of Maitreya started in the midst of the nineties. The program was divided into two parts. One part calculated western charts and midpoints, the other calculated Vedic charts, Vargas and Dasas. Programming language was Turbo Pascal. This version was later ported to C++.

The screenshots below show the two programs (about 1996).


Version 2

srceenshot Next version started in 1998 and was a port to Linux and the Qt framework. This version integrated western and Vedic features for the first time.

This version used the Swiss Ephemeris for calculation and had several features of the later public release, e.g. the tree based Dasa view, Vargas, the text view, Ephemeris and Hora.

Version 2 was rewritten in November 2003. This version was based on wxWidgets and was the fundament of the first public release.


Version 3

srceenshot Release 3.0 was the first public version, released in April 2004. Focus was on public usability.

Release 3.1 (August 2004): new columns in Vedic main window, location dialog, Vedic partner chart (Ashtakoota).

Release 3.2 (December 2004): Sarvatobhadra view, eclipses, conditional Dasas, improved configuration.


Version 4

Release 4.0 (May 2009): graphical Dasa, Solar chart, improved Ephemeris and PDF printout.

Release 4.1 (August 2006): several small improvements and bug fixes.

Release 4.2 (April 2007): new astrological objects, styles in western chart.


Version 5

Release 5.0 appeared in March 2008. Features: Yoga view, Ashtakavarga view, Varga overview with Vimsopaka strength.


Version 6

Appeared in October 2010. Features: improved transit view, Yoga editor, Arabic parts, many new options.


Version 7

Appeared in June 2012. Features: New location database, improved chart graphics, dynamic daylight saving change.


Version 8

Alpha version appeared end of 2016. Features: Shadbala, classic texts for Dasas, responsive views (charts, graphical Dasas), more properties of objects, improvements in Uranian astrology.

Articles

This chapter describes several fundamental aspects of astrology.

Basics of Astrology

Section Contents
Astrological Objects Luminaries, planets, nodes and other bodies
Astrological Properties Summary of various astrological properties like dignities etc.
House Systems House systems and their configuration
Calculation Horoscope calculation and ephemeris.
Ayanamsa Difference between tropical and siderial zodiac.

Summaries on Vedic Astrology

Section Description
Dignities of Planets Basic properties of planetary dignities in Vedic astrology
Vargas (Divisions) 16+ classical divisions of the zodiac
Hora Astrological fundaments of Hora
Nakshatras 27/28 constellations or Lunar mansions
Krishnamurti Paddhati Basics of KP astrology
Upagrahas and Kala Velas Support for Upagraha and Kala Vela calculations
Drishtis (Aspects) Graha and Sputa Drishti
Jaimini Astrology Support for Jaimini calculations
Ashtakavarga Another source for planetary strength evaluation

Deeper Look into Various Topics of Astrology

Section Description
Nakshatra Dasas Vimsottari, Yogini and Conditional Dasas
Kalachakra Dasa Wheel of Fortune in Vedic astrology
Asta Koota Partner chart matching in Vedic astrology
Sarvatobhadra Nakshatra based technique from ancient times
Shadbala Planetary strength according to Hora Shastra


Astrological Objects

This chapter describes the astrological objects, i.e. planets and fictitious bodies.

All objects are usable in both Vedic and western astrology. Configuration of display takes place in the configuration dialog (permanently) or context menu of detail windows (temporarily).

Luminaries and Major Planets

These objects are standard, so they are included in all views.

Please note that there are many different names for the planets in Vedic astrology. This summary contains only the most common ones.

Name (Western) Name (Vedic) Type Remark
Sun Surya, Ravi Star -
Moon Chandra Moon -
Mercury Budha Planet -
Venus Shukra Planet -
Mars Mangala Planet -
Jupiter Guru Planet -
Saturn Shani Planet -

Lunar Nodes

Lunar nodes can be configured separately for western and Vedic astrology. Supported are

Name (Western) Name (Vedic) Type Remark
Dragon head Rahu Fictitious Other names: ascending node, northern node
Dragon tail Ketu Fictitious Other names: descending node, southern node

Objects typically used in Western Astrology

This group consists of the three outer planets, 8 fictitious Uranian planets (used by Hamburgian School), 4 planetoids, Chiron, Pholus and Lilith.

Remark Some of these objects are only available if Swiss Ephemeris Data files are installed properly, see the Ephemeris Data Files page.

Outer Planets

Name Type Remark
Uranus Planet -
Neptune Planet -
Pluto Dwarf planet -

Uranian Planets

Name Type Remark
Cupido Fictitious -
Hades Fictitious -
Zeus Fictitious -
Kronos Fictitious -
Apollon Fictitious -
Admetos Fictitious -
Vulkanus Fictitious -
Poseidon Fictitious -

Asteroids and other Objects

Asteroids are called planetoids as well. Mostly these two words are used synonymously.

Ephemeris data files are required for calculation of these objects (except Lilith), see the Ephemeris Data Files page.

Name Type Remark
Chiron Asteroid -
Pholus Asteroid -
Ceres Dwarf planet -
Pallas Asteroid -
Juno Asteroid -
Vesta Asteroid -
Lilith Fictitious Moon apogee

Objects typically used in Vedic Astrology

This group consists the Upagrahas and Kalavelas (shadow planets) of Vedic astrology. For description of these bodies, see Upagrahas and Kala Velas.

Behaviour of Kalavelas can be configured in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation page of the configuration dialog.

Name Type
Dhuma Upagraha
Vyatipata Upagraha
Parivesha Upagraha
Chapa Upagraha
Upaketu Upagraha
Kala Kala Vela
Mrityu Kala Vela
Ardhaprahara Kala Vela
Yamaghantaka Kala Vela
Gulika Kala Vela
Mandi Kala Vela

Arabic Parts

Arabic Parts are used in Vedic and western astrology.

Display of Arabic Parts can be configured in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Objects and Properties tab resp. Configuration: Western Astrology/Objects and Properties tab of the configuration dialog.

A summary with all Arabic parts and their calculation rule can be seen in the General Views/Text View.


Astrological Properties

Astrological objects like planets and angles have various properties like element, lord or Navamsa sign.

These properties are shown as columns in the basic horoscope views. You can choose which columns to display either permanently in the configuration dialog or temporary in the context menus.

Property Vedic/Western Contents
Declination Both Northern or southern declination relative to the Eclipse
90 Degree Longitude Western Longitude modulo 90 degrees. Used in Uranian astrology
45 Degree Longitude Western Longitude modulo 45 degrees. Used in Uranian astrology
Antiscia Western Longitude reflected at the Earth Meridian axis (i.e. Cancer/Capricorn). Used in Uranian astrology
Sign Lord Both Planet ruling the sign. In Vedic Astrology lords are up to Saturn, in Western astrology up to Pluto.
Element Both Fire, earth, air or water
Sign Quality Both Movable, fixed or dual sign.
Basic Signification Vedic Signification according to Parasara Hora Shastra. Can be edited in the Configuration dialog, see tab Vargas in Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation.
Dignity Vedic Exaltation, debilation, Moolatrikona, friendship, see Dignities of Planets.
Navamsa D9 Vedic Navamsa sign, see Vargas (Divisions).
Nakshatra Vedic Position in 27 resp. 28 Nakshatra system, see Nakshatras.
Nakshatra Pada Vedic quarter part (3°20) of the Nakshatra (1..4), see Nakshatras.
Krishnamurti lord Vedic KP lords and sublords according to Vimsottari Dasa, see Krishnamurti Paddhati.
Shastiamsa D 60 Vedic Lord of the Shastiamsa, see Vargas (Divisions).
Dasa Varga dignities Vedic Lord of the Dasa Varga, see Vargas (Divisions).
Bhava/House Position Both Positions of the planets in houses/Bhava chakra (not Rasi), see House Systems.
Jaimini Karakas Vedic Atma Karaka, Amatya Karaka etc, see Jaimini Astrology.
Ashtakavarga points Vedic Points in Rekha chart, see Ashtakavarga.

House Systems

Supported House Systems

The program supports currently 11 different house systems identical to the house systems supported by Swiss ephemeris.

See the table below and the Swiss Ephemeris documentation as well.

Configuration of Houses

House systems can be configured separately for Vedic and western astrology in the Configuration: Western Astrology/Western Calculation resp. the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation tab of the configuration dialog.

Cusps and Sandhis

Vedic astrology has several different view points of houses.

  1. Simple Rasi view: houses are the same as signs (starting from the sign of Ascendant resp. Moon). This system is most frequently used in Vedic astrology.
  2. Cusp view: houses start from the cusps and end at the cusp of the next house (like in western astrology). This view is used by the K.P. system.
  3. Sandhi view: houses start from the Sandhis (middle of the house). So the cusp is in the middle of the corresponding house. The corresponding chart is also called Chalita Chakra.
The vedic calculation tab of the configuration dialog has the option to switch between sandhi view and cusp view (check box K.P. Style House System).

List of House Systems

No. Name Comment
1 Placidus Default for western astrology, also used in KP astrology
2 Koch Widely used in the USA
2 Regiomontanus Similar to Placidus
3 Campanus Old house system
4 Porphyry Default for Vedic astrology
5 Equal Each house has 30 deg. First house starts at the ascendant
6 Vehlow Equal Similar to (5), but ascendant is in the middle of 1st house
7 Axial Rotation Starts from the Meridian (ARMC). It is used in Uranian Astrology (Meridian house system).
8 Azimutal/Horizontal First house in the east
9 Polich/Page -
10 Alcabitus -
11 Morinus -
12 Krusinski -

Calculation

Calculation options influence planetary positions, divisional charts, Dasas, transits, etc.

Chart calculation was a tedious task in the past. E.g. calculation of Dasas or Ashtakavarga took a lot of time. Nowadays modern software can do this job in a quick and satisfiying way, leaving time to the astrologer to concentrate on astrological analysis.

Most commonly used ephemeris of astrological software is Swiss Ephemeris. This ephemeris is quite accurate, but the results of calculations depend strongly upon the calculation options.

This chapter describes only the plain vanilla calculation options. Another important factor (esp. for Vedic astrology) is the Ayanamsa configuration. This type of configuration is described in the Ayanamsa chapter.

Table of Contents

Section Contents
Calculation Options Options for coordinate systems and time models.
Ephemeris Data Files Instructions for installation of the data files
Calculation Examples Examples showing the effect of several calculation options.


Calculation Options

This chapter describes standard calculation options available in Maitreya.

The calculation options influence the calculation results and should therefore be handled carefully. Parts of the options (e.g. ephemeris time option) are pure research features and should not be used for standard calculation.

Universal and Ephemeris Time

Universal time is the Greenwich mean time. Ephemeris time is a technical time which is internally used for ephemeris calculations.

The difference between UT and ET can be about one minute of time.

The ephemeris time option can be used to compare the data of Maitreya with standard ephemeris data, e.g. Rosicrucian Ephemeris.

It is recommended to use UT for astrological calculations. ET option is a research feature.

Geocentric and Topocentric Coordinates

Geocentric calculation assumes the center of the earth as reference point. Topocentric coordinates assume the birth location as reference point.

Difference between normal and topocentric coordinates can be up to 1 degree for the Moon. So this option has big influence e.g. on Dasa calculations.

Note: The software only takes into account the longitude and latitude of the birth place. The altitude of the location is neglected. This may give an error of about 2 seconds of arc.

Apparent and True Positions

Apparent positions are the positions where we see the planets in the sky. True positions are "real" positions in the sense that aberrations due to relativistic effects, etc. are taken into account.

The difference between apparent and true positions is quite small.

Most astrologers (and ephemerids) use apparent positions.


Ephemeris Data Files

This chapter describes the installation of Swiss Ephemeris data files.

Installation steps are

Astronomical Background

Standard calculation of the program is according to the built-in Moshier ephemeris. The ephemeris is quite good, but it is possible to increase the precision with the Swiss Ephemeris data files.

Precision of Moshier ephemeris is about 1 second of arc. The ephemeris covers the time interval from 3000 BC to 3000 AD.

Data files can be downloaded from Astrodienst Zürich. The data files have time intervals of 600 years each. Maximum time of validity is from 5401 BC to 5399 AD.

The URL of the download directory is ftp://ftp.astro.com/pub/swisseph/ephe/.

Types of Data Files

There are several different types of data files.

All files are valid for 600 years. The table below summarizes the available files.

Time Range Planetary File Moon File Asteroid File
5401 BC - 4802 BC seplm54.se1 semom54.se1 seasm54.se1
4801 BC - 4202 BC seplm48.se1 semom48.se1 seasm48.se1
4201 BC - 3602 BC seplm42.se1 semom42.se1 seasm42.se1
3601 BC - 3002 BC seplm36.se1 semom36.se1 seasm36.se1
3001 BC - 2402 BC seplm30.se1 semom30.se1 seasm30.se1
2401 BC - 1802 BC seplm24.se1 semom24.se1 seasm24.se1
1801 BC - 1202 BC seplm18.se1 semom18.se1 seasm18.se1
1201 BC - 602 BC seplm12.se1 semom12.se1 seasm12.se1
601 BC - 2 BC seplm06.se1 semom06.se1 seasm06.se1
1 BC - 599 AD sepl_00.se1 semo_00.se1 seas_00.se1
600 AD - 1199 AD sepl_06.se1 semo_06.se1 seas_06.se1
1200 AD - 1799 AD sepl_12.se1 semo_12.se1 seas_12.se1
1800 AD - 2399 AD sepl_18.se1 semo_18.se1 seas_18.se1
2400 AD - 2999 AD sepl_24.se1 semo_24.se1 seas_24.se1
3000 AD - 3599 AD sepl_30.se1 semo_30.se1 seas_30.se1
3600 AD - 4199 AD sepl_36.se1 semo_36.se1 seas_36.se1
4200 AD - 4799 AD sepl_42.se1 semo_42.se1 seas_42.se1
4800 AD - 5399 AD sepl_48.se1 semo_48.se1 seas_48.se1

Calculation Examples

The following examples demonstrate various ephemeris options and compare the results with external programs or printed ephemeris.

Reference data are

  1. Rosicrucian Ephemeris based on JPL DE200/LE200. Has precision better than 1/100 second of arc. The printed data are rounded to the nearest second of arc.
  2. Jagannatha Hora Lite 6.0 (JHL) is based upon Swiss Ephemeris. Lite version only supports non topocentric coordinates and true positions. Configured ayanamsa is sayana (=zero)
Calculation date is Jan 1 1900, 0:00 UT. Longitude and latitude are zero. The positions of the Sun, the Moon and sidereal time are calculated.

Abbreviations

The following examples configurations are calculated vs. compared with reference sources

  1. M default: Non topocentric, UT, apparent positions, with data files
  2. M non topocentric, ET, apparent positions, with data files
  3. Cross check like #2: Rosicrucian Ephemeris
  4. M non topocentric, UT, true positions, with data files
  5. M non topocentric, UT, true positions, without data files
  6. Cross check like #5: JHL Non topocentric, UT, true positions, without data files
  7. M topocentric, UT, apparent positions, with data files

Calculation Results

Number Sun's position Moon's position ST
1 10 09'11.765" Cp 02 24'58.017" Cp 06:40:45
2 10 09'11.882" Cp 02 24'59.376" Cp 06:40:45
3 10 09'12" Cp 02 25'00" Cp 06:40:45
4 10 09'32.613" Cp 02 24'58.751" Cp 06:40:45
5 10 09'32.616" Cp 02 24'59.234" Cp 06:40:45
6 10 09'32.61" Cp 02 24'59.23" Cp 06:40:45
7 10 09'11.578" Cp 02 33'05.018" Cp 06:40:45

Ayanamsa

Ayanamsa calculation is of high importance for planetary positions, divisional charts, Dasas, transits, etc. Switching the Ayanamsa can result in major changes in Dasa balance (e.g. for quite sensitive Kalachakra Dasa) or high level Varga charts like Shastiamsa (D-60).

If we calculate the same chart e.g. with Lahiri and Raman Ayanamsa, we can get a difference in Vimsottari Dasa balance of 2 years, Kalachakra Dasa will be completely different, and Shastiamsa charts will have no common planetary positions.

There are different opinions about the correct Ayanamsa. The main stream versions of Ayanamsa in Vedic astrology differ about 1:30 degrees. This section exposes the most important versions of Ayanamsa, compares them and gives examples for the effects on Dasa balance.

Table of Contents

Section Contents
Astronomical Basics Constants for Ayanamsas and their values for standard Ayanamsa like Lahiri, Raman etc.
Custom Periods Definition of custom periods, i.e. of Ayanamsas with fixed offsets and extraordinary ones
Examples Examples showing the influence of Ayanamsa definition on astrological items like Dasa balance.


Astronomical Basics

Western astrology, as well as astronomical ephemeris, use the tropical zodiac. This kind of calculation sets the point 0 Aries (vernal point) to the position of the Sun at the time of spring equinox.

This kind of zodiac is called tropical or in sanskrit sayana. Tropical zodiac plays only a small role in Vedic astrology; 99% of calculations depend on the sidereal zodiac. This kind of zodiac has the reference point in the stars. The point 0 Aries is interpreted as the beginning of the sign Aries (or the Nakshatra Aswini) in the sky.

Ayanamsa is the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiac. The actual value is about 23:56, i.e. this value must be deducted from the tropical longitude of each planet to get the sidereal longitude.

There is a movement of the vernal point compared with the stars. The speed of the movement (called precession) is given by Jet Propulsion Laboratoy (Nasa) as

5028.83 (+- 0.04) arcsec/century i.e. 1:23:48.83 deg/century

Assumed that the precession is always constant, we get a total period of 25771.4021 years. The tolerance of +-0.04 arcsec/cty implies that the correct value must be between 25771.197 and 25771.716 years.

But we may get a different period if the precession is not constant and has long term fluctuations.

Calculation of Ayanamsa

Assumed that the precession given by astronomical ephemeris is correct, the key question for Ayanamsa calculation is to determine the correct Ayanamsa value for a given date (reference date).

Reference date (called t0) can be any date, most Ayanamsas refer to Jan 1 1900.
Reference Ayanamsa (called ayan_t0) is the Ayanamsa value at the reference date (e.g. 22:27:37.76 degrees for Lahiri Ayanamsa and Jan 1 1900).

Differences between standard Ayanamsas can be measured in t0 and ayan_t0. The following table gives these values for some standard Ayanamsas. The values are taken from swiss ephemeris. These values for Lahiri, Raman and Krishnamurti are also the built-in defaults of Maitreya.

Name t0 (JD) t0 (Date) ayan_t0 ayan_t0 (Deg) Reference
Lahiri (Chitra Paksha) 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 22.46047 22:27:37.7 Spica (Chitra) at 0 Libra
De Luce 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 26.41305 26:24:46.98 Zeta Piscium (Revati)
Raman 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 21.01444 21:00:52 Calculation of B.V. Raman
Ushashashi 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 18.66096 18:39:39.46 Unknown
Krishnamurti 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 22.363889 22:21:50 Calculation of Krishnamurti
Djwhal Khool 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 26.9630976 26:57:47.15 Ingress of vernal point into Aquarius in 2117 AD
Sri Yukteswar 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 21.082222 21:04:56 The Holy Science (see below)
JN Bhasin 2415020.0 1900 Jan 0.5 21.365556 21:21:56 Unknown
Fagan-Bradley 2433282.5 1950 Jan 1 24.04204 24:02:31.36 Spica (Chitra) at 29:06:05 Virgo

Notes

  1. Most popular Ayanamsas have slightly different versions. E.g. the value ayan_t0 of Lahiri Ayanamsa is according to other sources 22:27:59 or 22:27:55.
  2. Comments on Sri Yukteswar's Ayanamsa are given in the following section.

Custom Periods

The astronomical model of precession asumes that the current movement of the vernal point is a constant motion.

This model guides to a period of 25771 years until the vernal point returns to its initial point. But this number can be wrong if the motion of the vernal point has long term fluctuations. Such an effect may be caused by unknown galatical phenomenons or fluctuations in gravitational fields.

Custom Ayanamsa in Maitreya

Can be configured in the configuration dialog, see General Configuration/Ephemeris.

Standard configuration of custom Ayanamsa is based upon a reference value at a given date (normally Jan 01 1990 = 2415020.5).

Caution: changes of these parameters can cause major calculation errors!

Sri Yukteswar's View

Sri Yukteswar exposes his view about the yugas and the movement of the vernal point in the first chapter of his illustrious book The Holy Science (Kalyana Darshanam).

According to the Holy Science the period for the movement of the vernal point is 24,000 years.

Sri Yukteswarji combines the movement of the vernal point with the theory of the Yugas. According to his view Kali Yuga's duration is 2400 years (ascending and descending each 1200), and the start of ascending Kali Yuga begins when the vernal point is 0 Aries. Dwapara Yuga follows and has double duration, each Treta Yuga has 3600 years and each Satya Yuga 4800 years.

Therefore we have the sequence of Yugas shown in the table below.

Yuga Duration (Years) Vernal Point (Start) Vernal Point (End)
Kali (ascending) 1200 00 Aries 12 Pisces
Dwapara (ascending) 2400 12 Pisces 06 Aquarius
Treta (ascending) 3600 06 Aquarius 18 Scorpio
Satya (ascending) 4800 18 Scorpio 00 Libra
Satya (descending) 4800 00 Libra 18 Cancer
Treta (descending) 3600 18 Cancer 24 Taurus
Dwapara (descending) 2400 24 Taurus 18 Aries
Kali (descending) 1200 18 Aries 00 Aries
Total 24,000

Emulating Sri Yukteswar's Ayanamsa

This ayanamsa can be emulated with several methods.

1. Using the Ayanamsa with the astronomical period

First method of emulation is to take a fixed start date with known Ayanamsa and use the astronomical period. This is what the Sri Yukteswar Ayanamsa of swiss ephemeris does.

Disadvantage of this method is that long term predictions are not correct because the period is wrong.

2. Define a Custom Period

Second method is to take (again) a fixed start date with known Ayanamsa, but to use the period of 24,000 years given by Sri Yukteswar. This kind of calculation can be configured in Maitreya.

Disadvantage of the method is that the actual true movement of the vernal point is neglected.

3. Define a Movement that Satifies Astronomical Precession and the Given Period

This method is a mix of the above methods. It assumes that the current precession is correct but has sigificant fluctuations that lead to a total period of 24,000 years.

The current precession is too slow to get a period of 24,000 years. So it must be near a minimum. The speed must grow in later periods to get the desired total period.

Possible positions for the minimum could be the point 0 Aries or the point in opposite to the supergalactic center (i.e. around 26 Pisces).

Concluding Thaughts

It is possible to give mathematical equations for the 3rd method. A simple eliptic equation could be satisfiying for the first time.

Investigations regarding long term Ayanamsa can be made taking old sources that rely on chitra paksha (i.e. Lahiri) ayanamsa. Most contemporary authors do not rely on old sources and pretend that they are not correctly calculated.


Examples

This section gives examples for the influence of Ayanamsa on chart calulation and Dasa prediction.

Reference is the chart of His Holyness the 14th Dalai Lama, born Jul 06 1935 11:45 AM local time in Chinghai/Kohonor/Tibet (29:43N, 91:41E).

The Rasi chart is given below.

Rasi Chart Rasi Chart


His Holyness came into great diffculties when Tibet was occupied by the Chinese army in 1959. He lost his position and had to change his residence; many of his people died.

Loss of residence is indicated by Moon and Venus in 12th house aspected by strong retrograde Saturn, Rahu in 4 and Sun (lord of 12) afflicted by Ketu in 10.

Vimsottari Dasa

The chart has the Moon in the 3rd Pada of Purva Phalguni.

The calculation for Vimsottari Dasa can be seen in the table below.

Ayanamsa Moon's Position Balance at Birth Start of Moon Dasa
Lahiri 20:37:01 Leo Venus 9Y 0M 26D August 01 1950
Krishnamurti 20:42:48 Leo Venus 8Y 11M 4D June 09 1950
Raman 22:03:46 Leo Venus 6Y 10M 26D June 01 1948

Lahiri Ayanamsa has Moon/Venus Antardasa from June 1958 until the end of January 1960 (similar Krishnamurti). Raman Ayanamsa has Mars/Rahu in 1959.

Kalachakra Dasa

The chart of His Holyness has the Moon in the 3rd Pada of Purva Phalguni, therefore belonging to Apsavya chakra with Taurus Amsa, Paramayus of 85 years, Deha Capricorn and Jeeva Gemini.

There was Manduka gati during the step of Kalachakra from Cancer to Virgo.

This is a severe affliction. Moreover Virgo is occupied by Mars, and the planets in the 12th house give inauspicious influence during the jump.

Jataka Parijata (adhyaya 17, Sloka 95) gives the following interpretation of Manduka Gati in Kalachakra Dasa.

At the time of mandukagama occurs, the death of a revered person or of one's parents may happen; or there may be danger from poison, deadly weapons, fire, fever or incendiary brigands.

The calculation of the Moon's longitude and Virgo Kalachakra Dasa according to different Ayanamsas is given in the table below.

Ayanamsa Moon's Position Start of Virgo Dasa
Lahiri 20:37:01 Leo October 11 1954
Krishnamurti 20:42:48 Leo April 25 1952
Raman 22:03:46 Leo November 26 2000

Virgo Kalachakra dasa matches in Lahiri and KP Ayanamsa. Lahiri Ayanamsa gives for 1959 Antardasas of Aquarius (afflicted by Saturn) and Capricorn (Deha of the chart, therefore causing bodily pain).

Raman Ayanamsa shows Pisces Dasa from 1949 to 1959, preceded by Simhavalokana from Scorpio to Pisces.


Transits

The 1 Year = 1 Day Rule

Calculation based upon configured year length, see Configuration: Western Astrology/Western Calculation.

Rolle der Planeten - Sonne - MC - Mond

Transits etc.

TODO finde den Begriff. Transit, Progression und Arc Methods Dynamical oder alles unter transit.

Name Rule Average Speed
Solar Arc Sunp; - Sunr 1 deg/year
Lunar Arc Moonp; - Moonr 1 deg/month
Meridian Arc MCp; - MCr 1 deg/day
Bögen der einzelnen Elemente zeitlicher Einfluss (Stunde/Tag/Monat/Jahr usw.) Kardinalpunkte drehen sich mit

Overview of Transit Modes

Type Signification
Transits Running planets at transit date
Directions Key is "1 year = 1 day". The difference of transit date and birth date must be divided by the year length. So directions are the transit dates at that specific date.
Solar Arc This is a shifted mode. Solar position must be calculated for directions ( 1 year = 1 day). difference of progressive Sun and and Sun at birth time will be the reference arc. All objects are shifted by this arc.
Reverse Solar Arc Same as Solar Arc, but in reverse order.
Shifted Gravitation Point
Shifted Meridian
Lunar Arc
Constant Arc

Uranian Astrology


Dignities of Planets

There are 9 different dignities in Vedic astrology.

The order from strongest to weakest is

  1. Exaltation (Uchcha)
  2. Mulatrikona
  3. Own sign (Sva Kshetra)
  4. Best friend (Adhi Mitra)
  5. Friend (Mitra)
  6. Neutral (Sama)
  7. Enemy (Satru)
  8. Sworn enemy (Adhi Satru)
  9. Debilation (Nicha)

Own Sign, Exaltation, Debilation and Mulatrikona

Planet Own Signs Exaltation Debilation Moolatrikona
Sun Leo 10 Aries 10 Libra 0-20 Leo
Moon Cancer 3 Taurus 3 Scorpio 4-30 Taurus
Mars Aries, Scorpio 28 Capricorn 28 Cancer 0-12 Aries
Mercury Gemini, Virgo 15 Virgo 15 Pisces 16-20 Virgo
Jupiter Sagittarius, Pisces 5 Cancer 5 Capricorn 0-10 Sagittarius
Venus Libra 27 Pisces 27 Virgo 0-15 Libra
Saturn Capricorn, Aquarius 20 Libra 20 Aries 0-20 Aquarius
Debilation point is opposite to the exaltation point.

Natural Planetary Frienships

Planetary friendships applies in dignity evaluation if the planet in question is not in own sign, exaltation, debilation or Mulatrikona.

The natural (or permanent) friendships of the planets are

Planet ↓ Relationships
Friendly Inimical Neutral
Sun Moon, Jupiter, Mars Venus, Saturn Mercury
Moon Sun, Mercury - Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn
Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter Mercury Venus, Saturn
Mercury Sun, Venus Moon Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars Mercury, Venus Saturn
Venus Mercury, Saturn Sun, Moon Mars, Jupiter
Saturn Mercury, Venus Sun, Moon, Mars Jupiter
A planet is in a friendly sign if he is a friend of the lord of that sign etc.

Examples:

Temporary Friendship

The rule for temporary friendship of planets is There is no neutral temporary relationship.

Example:

Jupiter in Pisces and Moon in Virgo are temporary enemies because they are mutually in the 7th house.

Remark:

There are different opinions about calculation of temporary friends in higher Varga charts (e.g. Navamsa)

This option can be configured in Maitreya in the Configuration: Vedic Astrology/Vedic Calculation tab of the configuration dialog.

Mix of Permanent and Temporary Friendship

Rules for the mix of permanent and temporary friendship are
Permanent Temporary Result
Friend Friend Best Friend
Neutral Friend Friend
Friend Enemy Neutral
Enemy Friend Neutral
Neutral Enemy Enemy
Enemy Enemy Sworn Enemy

Vargas (Divisions)

Vargas are divisions of zodiacal signs (Rasis).

There are 16 classical Vargas described in Parasara Hora Shastra. Several other Vargas are described in Jaimini Sutra.

Each Varga has a positive number as its division. So Rasi is the Varga of division 1 (D-1), Navamsa is the division of type 9 (D-9), etc.

The names, divisions and main significations (according to Parasara) are listed in the table below.

Name Division Main Signification
Rasi 1 Physique
Hora 2 Wealth
Drekkana 3 Coborn
Chaturtamsa (Turyamsa) 4 Fortunes
Saptamansa 7 Children
Navamsa 9 Marriage
Dasamsa 10 Power and Position
Dvadasamsa 12 Parents
Shodasamsa (Kalamsa) 16 Conveyances
Vimsamsa 20 Worship
Chaturvimsamsa 24 Learning
Bhamsa (Saptavimsamsa) 27 Strength and Weakness
Trimsamsa 30 Evils
Khavedamsa (Chatvarimsamsa) 40 Auspicous and Inauspicious Effects
Akshavedamsa 45 General Indications
Shastiamsa 60 General Indications

Other Vargas

Maitreya supports in addition, Sastamsa (D6) and Ashtamsa (D8) of Jaimini system.

It is likely that other Vargas (like Nadi D-108) will be supported in the future.

Varga Viswa

The distribution of Varga Viswa is according to Parasara 7/21-25. See the table below.

Position Strength in Points
Exaltation Sign 20
Moolatrikona Sign 20
Own Sign 20
Very Friendly Sign (Adhi Mitra) 18
Friendly Sign (Mitra) 15
Neutral (Sama) 10
Enemy (Satru) 7
Sworn Enemy (Adhi Satru) 5
Debilation (Neecha) 0

Special Rules for Hora

There are special rules for bala calculation in Hora. See table below.

Planet Cancer Leo
Sun, Mars, Jupiter 0 20
Mercury 20 20
Moon, Venus, Saturn 20 0

Remark: Parasara (7/13) gives more detailed evaluations based upon the planetary positions in the beginning, middle or end of a Hora. But these rules cannot be applied to higher Varga charts.

Distribution of Shadvarga etc.

There are 4 different sources of strength in this system: Shadvarga (based upon 6 Vargas), Saptavarga (7 Vargas), Dasavarga (10 Vargas) and Shodadasa Varga (all 16 Vargas).

Each Varga has a weight. The sum of possible points is always 20.

Name Division Shad Varga Sapta Varga Dasa Varga Shodasa Varga
Rasi 1 6 5 3 3.5
Hora 2 2 2 1.5 1
Drekkana 3 4 3 1.5 1
Chaturtamsa 4 - - - 0.5
Saptamansa 7 - 1 1.5 0.5
Navamsa 9 5 2.5 1.5 3
Dasamsa 10 - - 1.5 0.5
Dvadasamsa 12 2 4.5 1.5 0.5
Shodasamsa 16 - - 1.5 2.0
Vimsamsa 20 - - - 0.5
Chaturvimsamsa 24 - - - 0.5
Bhamsa 27 - - - 0.5
Trimsamsa 30 1 2 1.5 0.5
Khavedamsa 40 - - - 0.5
Akshavedamsa 45 - - - 0.5
Shastiamsa 60 - - 5 4
Sum - 20 20 20 20

Dasavarga Dignities

The Dignities of Dasavarga (Parasara 6/42-53) are supported and can be shown in the planet view or the text window (Varga section).

See the table below.

Friendly Divisions Name
2 Parijata
3 Uttama
4 Gopura
5 Simhasana
6 Paravata
7 Devaloka
8 Brahmaloka
9 Sakravahana
10 Sridhama


Hora

Hora is a word with several different meanings: it stands for astrological hour as well as for a part of astrology.

The subsections of this section are

Section Contents
Hora Meanings Describes the interpretations
Lords Astrological hour, day, month an year
Calculcation Mathematical details


Hora Meanings

Hora is a word with several different meanings.

First Meaning: Hora is Time

Hora means time. The Sanskrit word appears in ancient Greek and Latin language, too. The english word hour and ancient Greek hora are borrowed from these sources.

This is also the meaning of the Hora explained below.

Second Meaning: Hora is a Division (Varga)

Hora is the Varga of division two (D-2). There are only 2 possible Horas, the Hora of the Sun (assigned to Leo) and the Hora of the Moon (assigned to Cancer).

Third Meaning: Hora is a Part of Astrology

Kalyana Varma's Saravali explains the word Hora as derived from Ahoratra. Ahoratra means the span between day and night. Removal of the first and last syllable from that word yields the word Hora.

Day stands for the Sun, night stands for the Moon. The Sun rules the 12 zodiacal signs. The Moon rules the 27 Nakshatras.

So Hora is the science that deals with the 12 Rasis. That's what Saravali is about. There is no discussion of Nakshatras in that scipture.

Parasara explains the meaning of Hora in the illustrious Hora Shastra (3-7) as

Details of Nakshatras have to be understood by other scriptures,
while I narrate to you about the effects of Grahas and Rasis.

So Hora is the science of Grahas (planets) in Rasis (zodiacal signs).


Lords

Hora, Dina, Masa and Varsha lords are closely connected.

Hora Lords

Each day has 24 Horas in total. Day and night are both divided into 12 equal parts. Each of these parts is called a Hora and has a sublord.

The first sublord of the day is the weekday lord, i.e. the first Hora after sunrise is assigned to that lord.

The order of the sublords is relative to their period in descending order, see the table below.

Sublord Approx. Period
Saturn 29.46 Years
Jupiter 11.86 Years
Mars 1.88 Years
Sun 1 Year
Venus 0.62 Years
Mercury 0.24 Years
Moon 27.32 Days

The list is cyclic, i.e. the next period after the Moon's period is assigned to Saturn.

Dina: Lords of the Weekdays

Each day has its lord. This is the natural order of the days in the week. The lords are listed in the table below.

Day Lord
Sunday Sun
Monday Moon
Tuesday Mars
Wednesday Mercury
Thursday Jupiter
Friday Venus
Saturday Saturn

Remarks

  1. The order of the lords is the same as the order of the planets in Vedic astrology.
  2. Hora and Dina lords are connected if we make steps of three in the list of Hora lords: there will be a jump from Sun to Moon, Mars etc.

The Six Cycles of Lords

A simple rule can connect the lords Varsha, Masa, Dina and Hora.

No. Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Inverse Order
1 Hora Sat Jup Mar Sun Ven Mer Moo 3 Natural Period (inverse)
2 Dina Sun Moo Mar Mer Jup Ven Sat 5 Days of the week
3 Masa Moo Mer Ven Sun Mar Jup Sat 1 Natural Period
4 Varsha Sun Mer Sat Mar Ven Moo Jup 6 Days of the week (inverse)
5 - Sat Ven Jup Mer Mar Moo Sun 2 -
6 - Jup Moo Ven Mar Sat Mer Sun 4 -


Calculcation

There are two different meanings of the word day
  1. The day of the calendar has its reference point at 0:00 midnight (local time or according to time zone).
  2. The astrological day extends from sunrise of the current day to sunrise of the next day. Sunrise of birth is the sunrise before birth, i.e. a birth after midnight and before sunrise belongs to the previous day of the normal calendar.
Varsha, Masa, Dina and Hora are only defined for the the astrological day.

Hora: The Astrological Hour

The time from sunrise to sunset is divided into 12 equal parts (the day) and 12 parts from sunset to next sunrise (the night). The first Hora lord of the day is the day's lord. The other lords will follow in their order:

Saturn - Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon - etc.

Example

The sublords for sunday are

For the day: Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon - Saturn - Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon - Saturn (12)

For the night: Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon - Saturn - Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury (12)

Other Methods of Hora Calculation

There are at least 2 other views about Hora calculation (currently not supported by Maitreya)

Varsha (Year)

Rule

Varsha lord can be calulated if we have the year of the date. The rule is

varshaLord = (( year + 3 ) * 3 ) mod 7

where the planets are in their natural order (Sun .. Saturn), i.e. zero is the Sun, 1 is Moon etc.

Example: The year 2004 yields
(2004+3) * 3 = 6021, divided by 7 yields 1. So Moon is the lord of the year.

The table below gives examples for Varsha lords of several years.

Lord Examples Years
Sun 1999, 2006
Mercury 2000, 2007
Saturn 2001, 2008
Mars 2002, 2009
Venus 2003, 2010
Moon 2004, 2011
Jupiter 2005, 2012

Masa: The Month

Rule

Masa lord can be calulated if we have the year and month of the date. The rule is

masaLord = (( 12 * year + month + 6 ) * 2 ) mod 7

where January is 1 and the planets are again in their natural order (Sun .. Saturn).

Example: November 2006 yields
(12*2006 + 11 +6) * 2 = 48178, divided by 7 yields 4. So Jupiter is the lord of the month.

The table bellow gives examples for Year lords of several years.

Lord Examples Months
Moon Jan 2007
Mercury Feb 2007
Venus Mar 2007
Sun Apr 2007
Mars May 2007
Jupiter Jun 2007
Saturn Jul 2007

Dina: The Day

Dina lord is the weekday lord of the ordinary calendar, i.e. Sunday's lord is the Sun, Monday's lord is the Moon etc.


Nakshatras

Nakshatras are the 27 (resp. 28) stellar constellations. They are also called Lunar mansions or simply stars. Nakshatras are quite specific to Vedic astrology.

Subsections are

Section Contents
Constellations Names and astronomical properties of Nakshatras
Nakshatra Basics Basic Use Cases
Nakshatra Effects Effects of Nakshatras according to Brihat Jataka

Nakshatra Basics

The twelf zodiacal signs are related to the Sun. Nakshatras are closer related to the Moon. The full power of Vedic astrology can only be achieved when both systems - Rasi and Nakshatra based - are used in combination.

27 or 28 Nakshatras

Most Nakshatra techniques are based upon a circle of 27 Nakshatras.

Nevertheless it is written that there are 28 Nakashatras, but the 28th (Abhijit) is hidden in Kali Yuga. So methods that use the 28 Nakshatra system are supposed to be very old. Most important of these is Sarvatobhadra.

Use Cases of Nakshatras

  1. Birth Star is a popular name for the Moon's Nakshatra at the time of birth. It is comparable to the zodiacal sign in popular western astrology (based upon the Sun's position). Basic effects of the birth star are summarized on the Nakshatra Effects page.
  2. Most important use case of Nakshatras are the Dasas (periods). Dasas are important for the timing of events in the native's life. Many Dasas are based upon the Moon's position in birth Nakshatra. Most famous famous of them are Vimsottari, Yogini and Kalachakra Dasa.
  3. Krishnamurti Paddhati (K.P.) is a system that uses the Vimsottari Dasa lords and sublords of the planets. The K.P. system is quite famous among Vedic astrologers. It is one of the most successful systems for prediction.
  4. Asta Koota is an analysis method for marriage compatibility. It consists of eight elements. Some of them are based upon the birth Nakshatra
  5. Sarvatobhadra is a technique based on the 28 Nakshatra system. The Sarvatobhadra Chakra (SBC) is used to show the relationship of Nakshatras among each other (Vedhas) and several other elements like weekdays or zodiacal signs.

Nakshatra Padas and Navamsa

A quarter part of a Nakshatra is called a Pada (i.e. foot).

Nakshatras have a span of 13°20', so a Pada is 3°20' - which is the span of Navamsa, too. Navamsa and Nakshatra Pada are the same.

Navamsa is the bridge between zodiac (Sun) and the stars (Moon). This is a deeper reason why the Navamsa chart is so closely related to partnership and marriage.

Nakshatra Lords in Vimsottari Dasa

Each Nakshatra has a planetary lord used for Vimsottari Dasa and K.P. calculations. The years assigned to the signs are the Mahadasa durations of Vimsottari Dasa.

No. Nakshatras Lord Years
1 Aswini, Magha, Moola Ketu 7
2 Bharani, Poorvaphalguni, Poorvashadha Venus 20
3 Krittika, Uttaraphalguni, Uttarashadha Sun 6
4 Rohini, Hasta, Sravana Moon 10
5 Mrigasira, Chitra, Dhanista Mars 7
6 Ardra, Swati, Satabhisha Rahu 18
7 Punarvasu, Visakha, Poorvabhadra Jupiter 16
8 Pushyami, Anuradha, Uttarabhadra Saturn 19
9 Aslesha, Jyeshta, Revati Mercury 17

Special Nakshatras

Special Nakshatras are counted from the birth star. These Nakshatras have special significations, e.g. on transits of other planets.

Name of Nakshatra Number
Janma (birth) 1
Karmaksha 10
Sanghatika 16
Samudayika 18
Adhana 19
Vinasana 23
Jati 25
Desa 26
Abhisheka 27


Constellations

The following table summarizes the astronomical properties of the 27 resp. 28 Nakshatras.

No. Nakashtra Name From To Fixed Star (lat.) Name of Star
1 Aswini 0°00' Aries 13°20' Aries β Arietis Sheratan
2 Bharani 13°20' Aries 26°40' Aries 35 (41) Arietis
3 Krittika 26°40' Aries 10°00' Taurus η Tauri (Plejades) Alcyone
4 Rohini 10°00' Taurus 23°20' Taurus η Tauri Aldebaran
5 Mrigasira 23°20' Taurus 6°40' Gemini λ Orionis Mintaka
6 Ardra 6°40' Gemini 20°00' Gemini α Orionis Betelgeuse
7 Punarvasu 20°00' Gemini 3°20' Cancer β Geminorum Pollux
8 Pushyami 3°20' Cancer 16°40' Cancer δ Cancri Asellus Australis
9 Aslesha 16°40' Cancer 30°00' Cancer ε Hydrae
10 Makha 0°00' Leo 13°20' Leo α Leonis Regulus
11 Purva Phalguni 13°20' Leo 26°40' Leo δ Leonis Zozma
12 Uttara Phalguni 26°40' Leo 10°00' Virgo β Leonis Denebola
13 Hasta 10°00' Virgo 23°20' Virgo δ Corvi Algorab
14 Chittra 23°20' Virgo 6°40' Libra α Virginis Spica
15 Svati 6°40' Libra 20°00' Libra α Bootis Arcturus
16 Vishakha 20°00' Libra 3°20' Scorpio α² Librae Zuben El Genubi
17 Anuradha 3°20' Scorpio 16°40' Scorpio δ Scorpionis Dschubba
18 Jyeshta 16°40' Scorpio 30°00' Scorpio α Scorpionis Antares
19 Mula0°00' Sagittarius 13°20' Sagittarius λ Scorpionis Shaula
20 Purva Shadha 13°20' Sagittarius 26°40' Sagittarius δ Sagittarii Kaus Australis
21 Uttara Shadha 26°40' Sagittarius 10°00' Capricorn ζ (σ) Sagittarii Nunki
22 Sravana 10°00' Capricorn 23°20' Capricorn α Aquilae Altair
23 Dhanista 23°20' Capricorn 6°40' Aquarius β (α) Delphini Svalochin
24 Satabhish 6°40' Aquarius 20°00' Aquarius λ Aquarii
25 Purva Bhadra 20°00' Aquarius 3°20' Pisces α (β) Pegasi Scheat
26 Uttara Bhadra 3°20' Pisces 16°40' Pisces γ Pegasi Algenib
27 Revati 16°40' Pisces 30°00' Pisces ζ Piscium

28 vs. 27 Nakshatras

Some techniques in Vedic astrology use the 28 Nakshatra zodiac having the star Abhijit between Uttara Shadha and Sravana.

The rule is

No. Nakashtra Name From To Fixed Star (lat.) Name of Star
21 Uttara Shadha 26°40' Sagittarius 6°40' Capricorn ζ (σ) Sagittarii Nunki
22 Abhijit 6°40' Capricorn 10°53'20'' Capricorn α (ε, ζ) Lyrae Vega
23 Sravana 10°53'20'' Capricorn 23°20' Capricorn α Aquilae Altair

Nakshatra Effects

This page contains the Dasa Phala (fruit or effects of periods) according to Brihat Jataka. The text snippets are included in the Maitreya Vedic Views/Yoga View.

Aswini

The person born In Aswini will be fond of decoration, handsome, popular, skilful and intelligent

Bharani

One born in Bharani will be determined, truthful, healthy, skilful and happy.

Krittika

The person born in Krittika will be a voracious enter, fond of other’s wives, attractive and renowned

Rohini

Rohini makes a man truthful, clean, following religious and moral principles, sweet in speech, fixed mind and handsome.

Mrigasira

Capricious, skilful, cowardly, good speaker, hopeful, rich and enjoying.

Arudra

Dissimulating in self-interest, proud, ungrateful, cruel and sinful.

Punarvasu

Religious endurance, happy, good, dull, sickly, thirsty and pleased with small gifts.

Pushyami

Control over passions, popular, learned, rich and charitable.

Aslesha

Dissimulator, clever in selfishness, sinful, ungrateful and a cheat.

Makha

Many servants and great wealth, enjoying, respector of elders and gods and very enterprising.

Purva Phalgini

Sweet speech, liberal, handsome, fond of traveling and royal servant.

Uttara Phalguni

Popular, self-acquired property, enjoying and happy.

Hashta

Enterprising, intelligent or (shameless), drunkard, cruel and thievish.

Chitta

Using various clothes and garlands, good looks and limbs.

Swati

Polite, merchant, kind hearted, not able to endure thirst, sweet tongued and generous.

Vishakha

Jealous, avaricious, handsome, clever speaker and quarrelsome, or maker of money.

Anuradha

Master or chief, living in foreign countries, not able to bear hunger and fond of traveling.

Jeshta

Few friends, contented, charitable, very irritable.

Moola

Proud, rich happy, good, steady and enjoying.

Purva Shadha

Good and pleasant wife, proud and a steady friend.

UttaraShadha

Polite, knowing, virtuous, many friends, grateful and popular.

Sravana

Rich surroundings, learned, good and liberal or liberal to wife, wealthy and renowned.

Dhanishta

Liberal, rich, courageous, fond of music and money.

Satabishak

Plain and truthful, striken from sorrow through females, etc., killer of enemies, adventurous and irreconcilable.

Purva Bhadra

Sorrowful, loss of money through females, skilful and miserly.

Uttara Bhadra

Good and witty speaker in society and meetings, happy, many children and grandchildren, successful over enemies and charitable.

Revati

Well- developed organs, popular, courageous, clean and wealthy. developed organs, popular, courageous, clean and wealthy.


Krishnamurti Paddhati

K.P. astrology (Krishnamurti Paddhati) is closely connected to the ideas of Nakshatra Dasas.

Nakshatra Dasas (like Vimsottari) use the position of the Moon to calculate the Mahadasas, Antardasas at birth time. This is known as one of the most fruitful attempts in Vedic astrology.

K.P. astrology tries to generalize this attempt. Not only the Moon, but all planets are taken into account. So all planets (including house cusps) are treated like the Moon, and their corresponding lords and sublords are calculated. These lords play an important role in K.P. chart interpretation.

Generalized K.P. Lords

K.P. astrology's choice of Vimsottari Dasa is motivated by the fact that Vimsottari is the most important Dasa in Vedic astrology.

But the approach of K.P. lords can be extended to all Nakshatra Dasas. So we can get K.P. lords for Yogini and other Dasas, too.

This research feature is included in Maitreya, see the General Views/Text View or the Other Astrological Views/Ephemeris View page.

Special attention should be spent to the lords of planets that are not included in the resp. Dasa. E.g. Ketu is not included in Yogini Dasa, so his lords may be interresting indicators for Moksha during Yogini periods.


Upagrahas and Kala Velas

Calculation of Upagrahas

The Upagrahas are also called the Apraksha Grahas. Their position depends only on the longitude of the Sun.

The rules are given below.

Name Calculation Rule Remark
Dhuma Sun + 4 signs 13:20 -
Vyatipata 12 signs - Dhuma -
Parivesha Vyatipata + 6 signs -
Chapa 12 signs - Parivesha Other name: Indra Dhanus
Upaketu Chapa + 16:40 Other name: Ketu

Calculation of Kalavelas

The Kalavelas depend on the day time. The rules are distinct for day and night birth.

Rules

The day time (i.e. the time from sunrise to sunset) is divided into 8 equal parts. The first seven parts are assigned to the seven lords beginning from the lord of the week day (see Hora). The lord of the eigth part can be assigned, too.

Accordingly the night time (i.e. time from sunset to next sunrise) is divided into eight parts, and the first portion is assigned to the 5th lord of the weekday.

Each of these parts can be assigned to a Kala Vela. Default assignements are: the portion of the Sun ist Kala, Mars is the lord of Mrityu, Jupiter lords Yama Ghantaka, Mercury rules Ardha Prahara and Saturn rules Gulika. Moon and Venus have no Kala Vela portion. Some people say that Mandi is identical to Gulika, others say that Gulika lords the eight portion.

Moreover the portion of the rising part plays an important role: the exact point of the Kala Velas in the zodiac can be the beginning, the middle or the end of the corresponding portion. Most astrologers take the beginning of the parts as reference for calculation.

The zodiacal point of the Kala Velas is the ascending point at the time of the corresponding portion.

The rules are summarized in the table below.

Name Default Lord Default Portion Remark
Kala Sun Beginning -
Mrityu Mars Beginning -
Ardhaprahara Mercury Beginning -
Yamaghantaka Jupiter Beginning -
Gulika Saturn Beginning -
Mandi Saturn/Eight Portion None Middle of Saturn's portion, middle (or beginning) of 8th etc.

Configuration of Kala Velas

Configuration of Kala Velas takes place in the Vedic calulation tab of the configuration dialog. Kalavela Configuration

The configuration has 3 parts:

  1. Selection of the Kala Vela
  2. Selection of lord. None means that the Kala Vela does not appear in display (i.e. planetary lists, graphical charts etc.)
  3. "Rises at" determines the part of the portion. Possible selections are: beginning, middle and end of the portion.
The Default button can be used to return to the default configuration.


Drishtis (Aspects)

There are 3 different kinds of aspects in Vedic astrology.

Graha and Sputa Drishti are based upon the same rules. These rules will be explained in the following sub sections.

Section Description
Basics Common basics of Graha and Sputa Drishti
Sphuta Drishti Calculation of Sputa Drishti


Drishti Basics

Graha and Sputa Drishti are based upon the same rules. These rules are summarized in the table below.

Houses Zodiacal Degrees Strength Exceptions
7th 180° 100% -
4th and 8th 90° and 210° 75% Mars has 100% strength
5th and 9th 120° and 240° 50% Jupiter has 100% strength
3th and 10th 60° and 270° 25% Saturn has 100% strength

Graha Drishti

Graha Drishti is based upon the sign positions of the planets.

Advantage of Graha drishti are simple calculation and the fact that it can be applied to all higher Varga charts.


Sphuta Drishti

Sputa Drishti is defined for pairs of planets. It depends upon the aspectual angle (Sputa Kona) which is defined to be the angle between aspecting planet and aspected planet.

The value of the aspect is always between 0 and 60 Virupas.

The rules for calculation are summarized in the table below

Angle (a) General Rule Mars Jupiter Saturn
0-30 0 - - -
30-60 (a - 30 ) / 2 - - (a - 30 ) * 2
60-90 a - 45 - - 45 + (90 - a) / 2
90-120 30 + (120 - a) / 2 45 + (a - 90) / 2 45 + (a - 90) / 2 -
120-150 150 - a 2 * (150 - a) 2 * (150 - a) -
150-180 2 * (150 - a) - - -
180-210 (300 - a) / 2 60 - -
210-240 (300 - a) / 2 270 - a 45 + (a - 210 ) / 2 -
240-270 (300 - a) / 2 - 15 + 2 * ( 270 - a ) / 3 a - 210
270-330 (300 - a) / 2 - - 2 * (300 - a)
330-360 0 - - -

Graphical Overview of Sputa Drishti

The graphical overview shows the Sputa Drishti in a diagram.

Default Planets

Default planets (not Mars, Jupiter or Saturn) have a full aspect for angle 180 and a 75 percent aspect for angle 90.

Mars

Mars has in addition a full aspect for the 4th house (angle 120) and 8th house (angle 210).

Jupiter

Jupiter has in addition a full aspect for the 5th house (angle 150) and 9th house (angle 240).

Saturn

Saturn has in addition a full aspect for the 3th house (angle 60) and 10th house (angle 270).


Jaimini Astrology

Chara Karakas

Jaimini astrology defines the Chara Karakas. These Karakas depend on the planetary positions in the horoscope. Most important is Atma Karaka (Karaka of self), see Parasara Hora Shastra

Out of these Karakas, Atma Karaka is the most important and has a prime say on the native, just as the king is the most famous among the men of his country and is the head of all affairs and is entitled to arrest and release men. (BPHS 32.8)

Eight Karakas are defined

No. Karaka Name Signification
1 Atma Karaka Self
2 Amatya Karaka 2nd Karaka for self
3 Bhratru Karaka Coborn
4 Matru Karaka Mother
5 Pitru Karaka Father
6 Putra Karaka Offspring
7 Gnati Karaka Relatives
8 Stree or Dara Karaka Spouse and husband

Calculation Rules

In Chara Karaka calculation only the traversed longitude of the planets in their specific sign is considered. So the planet with the highest longitude in his sign is Atma Karaka, the second Amatya Karaka etc.

Rahu is always considered in reverse manner: the order of Rahu depends upon the distance from the end of his sign because Rahu is a regrograde planet.

Raman's Rule

Raman and Shastri use only the seven planets for Chara Karaka calculation. Dara Karaka is missing in this system.

Arudha Padas

Arudha Padas are one of the most important features in Jaimini astrology. Each house of a chart has its Arudha Pada as a second point of influence.

Special Arudhas are

Remark: Arudha Padas are defined for all Vargas.

Calculation of Arudha Padas

The rule for Arudha calculation: count so many signs from the lord of a sign as the lord is away from the basic sign.

Example: Second house is Capricorn, Saturn is in Pisces. So the distance from the underlying house (Cp) to Saturn is 3 signs. Count 3 signs from Pisces, so Taurus will be the Arudha of the second house.

The Role of the Nodes

Rahu and Ketu play a special role in Jaimini astrology: they are co-lords of Aquarius (Rahu) and Scorpio (Ketu).

So Rahu must be taken as lord of Aquarius if Rahu is stronger than Saturn. Same for Ketu: Ketu is the lord of Scorpio if Ketu is stronger than Mars.

Parasara's Rule

Parasara establishes that there are some exceptions from the above rule (fourth house rule).

Rule: if the lord of the house is in the 1st, 4th, 7th or 10th house, 4 houses must be deducted from the result.

Examples

Raman's Rule

Raman and Shastri do not apply the fourth house rule for Arudha calculation.

This rule can be configured in the configuration dialog (vedic calculation tab) of Maitreya.

Most Jaimini astrologers do not follow this rule.


Ashtakavarga

As because of sinful deeds, committed by people in Kaliyuga, their minds have become blunt, be kind enough to describe a method, which would enable even the shallow minded persons to ascertain their happiness and sorrows and determine their longevity on the basis of the positions of the Grahas in transit.
(BPHS ch 66 sl 3-4)


Nakshatra Dasas

Dasas are the most important tool for timing of events in Vedic astrology.

This chapter is not an introduction to Dasas. It is meant as comprehensive summary of their main properties and calculation basics.

Kalachakra Dasa is described in a separate chapter.

General Note

There are 3 main categories of Dasas: Nakshatra Dasas, Jaimini Dasas and other Dasas. Most appropriate for general purposes is Vimsottari Dasa. Yogini and Kalachakra Dasa are frequently used, too.

Other Dasas are more difficult to use and often have conditions for their applicability. Beginners should not use these Dasas until they have enough experience in Dasa prediction (through Vimsottari, etc.). Details can be found if you follow the links.

Section Contents
Dasa Balance How to calculate Dasa balance at birth time.
Vimsottari Dasa Description of Vimsottari and some general notes about Nakshatra Dasas.
Yogini Dasa Famous Dasa, frequently used in North India.
Special Nakshatra Dasas Describes conditional Dasas of Parasara.
Combination of Dasas How to combine different Dasas.


Dasa Balance

This section is devoted to the calculation Dasa Balance. Dasa balance is used to determine the elapsed time of the first Mahadasa at the time of birth.

We give examples for Vimsottari Dasa. Other dasas may be calculated in a similar way.

There are two methods.

1. Time Method

The Dasa balance is calculated according to the time the Moon has spent in the birth Nakshatra at the time of birth.

We must know the time of entry into birth Nakshatra and the time of entry to the next Nakshatra. The time of birth has to be taken as proportional value in relation to the total time the Moon spends in the birth Nakshatra.

So, let's say birth time is tb, entry time is t1, entry time to next Nakshatra is t2.

The balance b can be calculated with the formula

b = ( tb - t1 ) / ( t2 - t1)

This value must be between 0 and 1 (0 if the birth takes place near the beginning of the Nakshatra, etc). This value must be multiplied by the total time of the first Mahadasa to get the elapsed time.

Example

Male birth at July 6 1935, 11:45 AM local mean time. Location Chinghai/Kohonor Tibet, longitude 91:41:00 E, latitude 29:43:00 N. Universal time of birth is 5:38:16AM.

Moon's position is 20 37'00" leo (Lahiri Ayanamsa). Birth Nakshatra is Purvaphalguni. First Mahadasa is Venus.

Entry time of Moon into Purvaphalguni is Jul 05 14:52:14 UT.

Entry time of Moon into Uttaraphalguni is Jul 06 17:54:04 UT.

We get the equation

b = ( Jul 6 1935 5:38:16 - Jul 05 14:52:14 ) / ( Jul 06 17:54:04 - Jul 05 14:52:14 ) = 0.54631589

The Dasa balance at birth time is therefore 10 years, 11 months and 3.5 days.

The second Mahadasa (Sun) will begin on Aug 1 1944 8:49:08 UT.

2. Longitude Method

This method is quite simple because it doesn't require the entry times of the Moon. It is therefore most frequently used by astrological software.

The Dasa balance is calculated according to the longitude of the Moon in the birth Nakshatra at the time of birth.

Let the longitude of the Moon in birth chart be lb, start of Nakshatra l1, end of birth Nakshatra l2,

The balance b can be calculated with the formula

b = ( lb - l1 ) / ( l2 - l1 ) = ( lb - l1 ) / 13:20:00

Again this value must be multiplied by the total time of the Mahadasa to get the elapsed time.

Example

Again male birth with Moon's position at 20 37'00" leo (140:37:00).

Start of Nakshatra is 13:20:00 Leo (133:20).

The formula yields

b = ( 140:37:00 - 133:20:00 ) / 13:20:00 = 0.54625

This value has to multiplied by 20 (total period for Venus). So the elapsed time is 10 years 11 months 3 days.

The rest of the Dasa will take 9 years 0 months 27 days. So the second Mahadasa (Sun) will begin on Aug 1 1944 04:52:15 UT.

Remark This example shows only a smooth difference of results. But the difference between these two methods may be larger, say 2-3 days.


Vimsottari Dasa

Vimsottari Dasa is the most important Dasa of Vedic astrology.

This Dasa is extensively described in Parasara Hora Shastra and is called the supreme Dasa of Vedic astrology (together with Kalachakra).

It is a strange fact that some supreme classical texts (Saravali, Brihat Jataka) do not mention this Dasa at all.

Vimsottari is a Nakshatra Dasa that is based upon the position of the Moon in her Lunar mansion. Each Nakshatra has a planet (or Node) as its lord. There are in total 9 lords.

Each of the lords has a fixed period of influence. The total period is of 120 years. Calculation of Dasa balance is described in the chapter above.

The basic rules for this Dasa are given in the next table.

Dasa Lord Duration (Years) Nakshatras
Sun 6 3, 12, 21
Moon 10 4, 13, 22
Mars 7 5, 14, 23
Rahu 18 6, 15, 24
Jupiter 16 7, 16, 25
Saturn 19 8, 17, 26
Mercury 17 9, 18, 27
Ketu 7 1, 10, 19
Venus 20 2, 11, 20
Sum 120

Subperiods

Antardasas are calculated according to the proportional values of the lords. Antardasas begin with the lord of the major Dasa. Each lord has a propotional time of influence.

Example: The Moon's Dasa is of 10 years. Each Antardasa contributes the same proportional value as indicated by the portion of the Mahadasas.

So Moon/Moon will be of 10 * 10/120 years = 10 months.

Moon/Mars will be of 10 * 7/120 years = 0 years 7 months, etc.

Interpretation of Vimsottari Dasa

Each Dasa has several influences
  1. The dignity of the Dasa/Antardasa lords in Rasi chart are of high importance. Their house positions must be regarded with care.
  2. Navamsa position is important, too. Special aspects of life should be predicted from other Varga charts (like children from D7, siblings from D3).
  3. The Mahadasa lord becomes Lagna for the time of the Dasa. Antardasas must be regarded relative to this Lagna.
  4. Friendship and enmity of the Dasa and Antardasa lords are important. So inimical relation between Dasa and Antardasa lord can be inauspicious even if their house positions and strengths are good (and vice versa).
  5. Most events happen in appropiate Antardasas. Events indicated by Mahadasas are most likely to happen in appropiate Antardasas.
  6. The natural character of the Dasa/Antardasa lords is not so important in Vimsottari Dasa (let's say 15%).
  7. Combination of Dasas is important. So events indicated by Vimsottari will surely happen if Yogini and Kalachakra Dasas agree.
  8. House and Nakshatra positions of running planets should be regarded, too. So Gochara and Sarvatobhadra can give valuable hints if (and when) events will come true.

Yogini Dasa

Yogini Dasa is another important Dasa of Vedic astrology. It is most frequentlty used in North India.

It is (similar to Vimsottari) a Nakshatra Dasa that is based upon the position of the Moon in her Lunar mansion.

Each Nakshatra is assigned to a Yogini. Each Yogini has a corresponding planet or Node. There are in total 8 Yoginis. Ketu does not play a role in this Dasa. The total period of Yogini Dasa is 36 years.

The rules for this Dasa are given in the table below.

Yoginis, Nakshatras and Durations
Yogini Dasa Lord Duration (Years) Nakshatras
Mangala Moon 1 6, 14, 22
Pingala Sun 2 7, 15, 23
Dhanya Jupiter 3 8, 16, 24
Bhramari Mars 4 1, 9, 17, 25
Bhadrika Mercury 5 2, 10, 18, 26
Ulka Saturn 6 3, 11, 19, 27
Siddha Venus 7 4, 12, 20
Shankata Rahu 8 5, 13, 21
Sum 36

Antardasas (Subperiods)

Antardasas must be calculated similar to the Antardasas of Vimsottari Dasa. So the lord of the Dasa is the first Antardasa lord and has a proportional duration, etc.

Interpretation of Yogini Dasa

Influence of Yogini depends strongly upon the natural character of the Yogini. So bad Yoginis result in difficult periods and vice versa. Strength of the planets is important, too. But strength has not the same influence as in Vimsottari.

We give a summary of Yogini influences

Main significations of Yogini influences
Yogini Dasa Lord Dignity Signification
Mangala Moon Benefic Sucess, prosperity
Pingala Sun Malefic Diseases, suffering. Troubles, worries.
Dhanya Jupiter Benefic Prosperity, favours.
Bhramari Mars Malefic Travels, displacement. Possiblity of success abroad.
Bhadrika Mercury Benefic Good results. Career, social status.
Ulka Saturn Malefic Obstacles, delays. Grief.
Siddha Venus Benefic Wealth, company of opposite sex.
Shankata Rahu Malefic Loss, death, diseases.


Special Nakshatra Dasas

The conditional Dasas described in this section are special Nakshatra Dasas.

These Dasas have conditions for their applicability. So they are only applicable to specific charts.

Some of the conditions are quite restrictive, so the condition for Panchottari Dasa: Lagna and Dvadasamsa Lagna must be in Cancer, this condition matches only for 1/144 of the charts. Other conditions are not so restrictive.

The conditional Dasas are exposed in Parasara Hora Shastra.

Conditions

The table below gives the hints for applicability.

Name of Dasa Conditions
Ashtottari Rahu is not in Ascendant, Kendra or Trikona
Shodshottari Ascendant in Hora of the Moon in dark half of the month, or Ascendant in Hora of the Sun in the bright half of the month
Dvadashottari Ascendant is in the Navamsa of Venus. Or: Ascendant is in the Navamsa sign of Venus (Shukramsa).
Panchottari Ascendant in Rasi and Dvadasamsa (D12) in Cancer
Shatabdika Ascendant is Vargottama, i.e. Rasi and Navamsa Ascendant occupy the same sign.
Chaturashiti Sama Lord of 10 in 10
Dvisaptati Sama Lord of Ascendant in 1 or 7
Shat Trimshat Sama Ascendant in Hora of the Sun for birth during the day, or Ascendant in Hora of Moon for night birth

Interpretation

The conditional Dasas should only be used in combination with standard Dasas like Vimsottari and Kalachakra. Please see the next pages for details.

Combination of Dasas

Experience shows that one Dasa alone cannot give sufficient results. Altough the major Dasas Vimsottari, Kalachakra and Yogini often give surprising results, there are situations in which a single Dasas of these three will lead to wrong predictions.

How to Combine Influences

Combination of Dasas is good solution to get out of this problem. Main question is: how to combine these influences? how to handle contradictory hints?

We show two possible approaches to get out of this problem.

Quantitative Approach

First approach for prediction in Dasa combination is the quantitative approach. This method assumes that each of the Dasas in the combination has a proportional influence on the native's life. So the combination of Vimsottari, Kalachakra and Yogini Dasa will have a value of 1/3 per Dasa.

It follows that one dasa's influence on a particular house just gives a hint that the indicated results may happen. Two such influences give a stronger hint, so the results are quite likely to happen. Three such influences make the astrologer sure that the events will take place.

But life is not so simple. Most charts have different (and contradictory) influences on the particular parts of the native's life. Moreover there may be different qualities of Dasa influences.

The scriptures give a quite unsatisfying answer to this question: they say that the results will be mixed.

Mixed results can mean this or that. Mixed influences on the 4th house can mean that the native's mother will die, he buys a new house and will have a severe accident with his car. Or it means that his mother is well disposed, his house burns down and he buys a new car.

The quantitative approach may be helpful in some cases, but cannot give us satisfying answers to the question of ambivalent influences. But so far we have assumed that all Dasas have the same character.

Estimating the Character of the Dasas

The second approach is based upon the character of the Dasas and the manner they take influence on the native's life.

We give some hints regarding the three major Dasas.

Kalachakra

Kalachakra Dasa is also called the wheel of fortune, so it is of utmost importance.

Kalachakra determines the main streams of our lifes. This Dasa doesn't say much about the details of our life.

Hints for prediction are

Vimsottari

Vimsottari Dasa gives a high level influence of the qualities of the corresponding planets in the chart. So vimsottari makes the events happen that are indicated in the chart.

The natural character of the planets is low (15%).

Yogini

Yogini Dasa has a high influence of the corresponding Yogini. The dignities and chart positions of the planets are not so important as in Vimsottari (but don't forget!).

E.g. the influence of Ulka Yogini (Saturn) is difficult to handle even if Saturn is disposed well.


Kalachakra Dasa

Kalachakra (wheel of fortune) is one of the most important Dasas of Vedic Astrology. It is very powerful although difficult to handle.

Synopsis

Nakshatra Dasas (Vimsottari, Yogini) prove to be very powerful. But there is another aspect in Vedic astrology that has big influence: the Navamsa. Navamsa chart closes the gap between Rasi and Nakshatra chart because Navamsa is the same as the Nakshatra Padas. The magical number 108 connects Rasi and Nakshatra charts.

Kalachakra is (like Vimsottari and Yogini) a Nakshatra based Dasa that depends on the position of the Moon in her Nakshatra. But Kalachakra is the only Navamsa based Nakshatra dasa.

Resources

Kalachakra Dasa is extensively described in Maharishi Parasara's Hora Shastra and in Vaidhyanatha Dikshita's Jataka Parijata. The former tells us that he appreciates Kalachakra as even supreme to Vimsottari Dasa.

An important contemporary book on this subject is Sumeet Chugh's Yogini and Kalachakra Dasa.

Index

Avalailable subsections are
Section Contents
Basics Basic facts about this Dasa.
Motion of the Chakra Explains how this Dasa moves through the zodiac.
The Four Chakras Describes the fundamental chakras of Aswini, Bharani, Rohini and Mrigasira.
Explaining the Chakras Tries to explain the underlying ideas of the chakras.
Balance at Birth Time How to calculate the Dasa balance for a given nativity.
Antardasas How to determine the Antardasas for a given nativity.
Cycles of the Chakra Explains the movement of the chakra on Nakshatra and Savya/Apsavya changes.
Gatis (Jumps) Explains the irregular movements like Manduka Gati, etc.
Appendix: Chakras Gives a tabular summary of all available chakras.


Basics

Kalachakra Dasa is (like Vimsottari) a Lunar Nakshatra Dasa, i.e. a Dasa that is based upon the position of the Moon in her Lunar mansion.

But there are fundamental differences between Kalachakra and other Nakshatra Dasas

  1. Kalachakra is based upon Nakshatra Padas (instead of Nakshatras). The reader may recognize that Nakshatra Padas are the same as Navamsas. That means that Kalachakra is a Navamsa based Nakshatra Dasa.
  2. It is a Rasi Dasa (instead of Graha Dasa), i.e. the Dasa lords are Rasis and not planets.
  3. There are different opinions about the calculation methods. This is a problem similar to the Dasas of Jaimini Astrology.
  4. The Dasa is extremly sensitive for birth time and Ayanamsa changes. So it is applicable only if the native's birth time is quite accurate. A change of Ayanamsa can result in completely different results.

Savya and Apsavya Chakra

Each Nakshatra of the zodiac gets 9 different steps of the chakra. There are therefore 108 * 9 = 972 Dasas in the zodiac.

There are two main step directions of the chakra: direct and reverse motion. The first is called Savya, the second is called Apsavya.

There are two different chakras in Savya and Apsavya. So we get in total 4 groups of chakras.

These groups are called

Savya and Apsavya Nakshatras build groups of three. First group (1a/2a) comes at the beginning and at the end of each cycle, i.e. the order is Aswini-Bharani-Aswini for Savya and Rohini-Mrigasira-Rohini for Apsavya.

The table below shows how to map Nakshatras to the 4 chakras.

Number Nakshatra Savya/Apsavya Group
1 Aswini Savya 1. Aswini
2 Bharani Savya 2. Bharani
3 Krittika Savya 1. Aswini
4 Rohini Apsavya 3. Rohini
5 Mrigasira Apsavya 4. Mrigasira
6 Ardra Apsavya 3. Rohini
7 Punarvasu Savya 1. Aswini
8 Pushyami Savya 2. Bharani
9 Aslesha Savya 1. Aswini
10 Magha Apsavya 3. Rohini
11 Purvaphalguni Apsavya 4. Mrigasira
12 Uttaraphalguni Apsavya 3. Rohini
13 Hasta Savya 1. Aswini
14 Chitra Savya 2. Bharani
15 Swati Savya 1. Aswini
16 Visakha Apsavya 3. Rohini
17 Anuradha Apsavya 4. Mrigasira
18 Jyeshta Apsavya 3. Rohini
19 Mula Savya 1. Aswini
20 Purvashadha Savya 2. Bharani
21 Uttarashadha Savya 1. Aswini
22 Sravana Apsavya 3. Rohini
23 Dhanista Apsavya 4. Mrigasira
24 Satabhisha Apsavya 3. Rohini
25 Purvabhadra Savya 1. Aswini
26 Uttarabhadra Savya 2. Bharani
27 Revati Savya 1. Aswini

Remarks

Nakshatras corresponding to Groups

The following shows the results of the table above in reverse logical order, i.e. Nakshatras are shown in their groups.

Group Subgroup Nakshatras
Savya 1. Aswini Aswini, Krittika, Punarvasu, Aslesha, Hasta, Swati, Mula, Uttarashadha, Purvabhadra, Revati
Savya 2. Bharani Bharani, Pushyami, Chitra, Purvashadha, Uttarabhadra
Apsavya 3. Rohini Rohini, Ardra, Magha, Uttaraphalguni, Visakha, Jyeshta, Sravana, Satabhisha
Apsavya 4. Mrigasira Mrigasira, Purvaphalguni, Anuradha, Dhanista

Paramayus

Paramayus is the maximum span of one cycle of the Kalachakra. Paramayus means also maximum span of life. There are 4 types of Paramayus: 83, 86, 85 and 100 years. These values depend on the birth Nakshatra and the Pada.

The table shows the Paramayus for Savya/Apsavya chakra depending on the Nakshatra Pada of the birth chart.

Type/Years 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Savya Chakra 100 85 83 86
Apsavya Chakra 86 83 85 100

Duration of the Mahadasas

Each Rasi has a fixed duration between 4 and 21 years. See table below.

Rasi Lord Years
Aries, Scorpio Mars 7
Taurus, Libra Venus 16
Gemini, Virgo Mercury 9
Cancer Moon 21
Leo Sun 5
Sagittarius, Pisces Jupiter 10
Capricorn, Aquarius Saturn 4

Motion of the Chakra

The motion of the kalachakra procedes through the 12 rasis. So the normal gati will from aries to taurus etc. until pisces is reached.

But Kalachakra is more complicated: there is a change of signs that depends on the ambiguity of the rasi lords.

Rule: signs having the same lords will be exchanged.

Exchange of Lords in Kalachakra

the same thing is shown in the table below. Reverse signs are shown in yellow.

Exchange of Signs for Double Lordships
Step # Lord Direct Motion Reverse Motion
1 Mars Aries Scorpio
2 Venus Taurus Libra
3 Mercury Gemini Virgo
4 Moon Cancer Cancer
5 Sun Leo Leo
6 Mercury Virgo Gemini
7 Venus Libra Taurus
8 Mars Scorpio Aries
9 Jupiter Sagittarius Pisces
10 Saturn Capricorn Aquarius
11 Saturn Aquarius Capricorn
12 Jupiter Pisces Sagittarius
This movement can be compared with a planet having direct and retrograde motion. It is like a wheel that goes up and down, or like a pendulum.

Getting the Kalachakra Amsa

Calculation of the Kalachakra Amsa is as follows The table below summarizes the Amsas.

Navamsa of the Moon Amsa in Savya Amsa in Apsavya
Aries Aries Scorpio
Taurus Taurus Libra
Gemini Gemini Virgo
Cancer Cancer Cancer
Leo Leo Leo
Virgo Virgo Gemini
Libra Libra Taurus
Scorpio Scorpio Aries
Sagittarius Sagittarius Pisces
Capricorn Capricorn Aquarius
Aquarius Aquarius Capricorn
Pisces Pisces Sagittarius

The Four Chakras

This chapter gives the complete Savya resp. Apsavya chakras. The tables contain Nakshatras and Amsas.

Savya Chakra

Savya Chakra
Nakshatra Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi P Ayus Deha Jeeva Amsa
Aswini
Punarvasu
Hasta
Mula
P Bhadra
1st Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
100 Ari Sag Ari
2rd Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
85 Tau Can Tau
3rd Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
83 Tau Gem Gem
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
86 Can Pis Can
Bharani
Pushyami
Chitra
P Shadha
U Bhadra
1st Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
100 Sco Pis Leo
2rd Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
85 Aqu Vir Vir
3rd Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
83 Lib Vir Lib
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
86 Can Sag Sco
Krittika
Aslesha
Swati
U Shadha
Revati
1st Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
100 Ari Sag Sag
2rd Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
85 Tau Can Cap
3rd Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
83 Tau Gem Aqu
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
86 Can Pis Pis

Apsavya Chakra

Apsavya Chakra
Nakshatra Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi P Ayus Jeeva Deha Amsa
Rohini
Magha
Visakha
Sravana
1st Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Sag Can Sco
2rd Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
83 Vir Lib Lib
3rd Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
85 Vir Aqu Vir
4th Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
100 Pis Sco Can
Mrigasira
P Phalguni
Anuradha
Dhanista
1st Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Pis Can Leo
2rd Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
83 Gem Tau Gem
3rd Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
85 Gem Cap Tau
4th Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
100 Sag Ari Ari
Ardra
U Phalguni
Jyeshta
Satabhisha
1st Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Sag Can Pis
2rd Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
83 Vir Lib Aqu
3rd Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
85 Vir Aqu Cap
4th Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
100 Pis Sco Sag


Explaining the Chakras

The Kalachakra motion procedes through the 12 Rasis. So the normal Gati will be from Aries to Taurus etc until Pisces is reached.

But there is a change of signs that depends on the ambiguity of the lords of the Rasis.

Like a planet with direct and retrograde motion. or like the wheel that goes up and down. or like a pendulum.

Exchange of Signs for Double Lordships
Step # Lord Direct Motion Reverse Motion
1 Mars Aries Scorpio
2 Venus Taurus Libra
3 Mercury Gemini Virgo
4 Moon Cancer Cancer
5 Sun Leo Leo
6 Mercury Virgo Gemini
7 Venus Libra Taurus
8 Mars Scorpio Aries
9 Jupiter Sagittarius Pisces
10 Saturn Capricorn Aquarius
11 Saturn Aquarius Capricorn
12 Jupiter Pisces Sagittarius

Movement in Aswini Chakra

Movement in Aswini Chakra
Pada/Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st Ari Tau Gem Can Leo Vir Lib Sco Sag
2nd Cap Aqu Pis Sco Lib Vir Can Leo Gem
3rd Tau Ari Pis Aqu Cap Sag Ari Tau Gem
4th Can Leo Vir Lib Sco Sag Cap Aqu Pis

Movement in Bharani Chakra

Movement in Bharani Chakra
Pada/Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st Sco Lib Vir Can Leo Gem Tau Ari Pis
2nd Aqu Cap Sag Ari Tau Gem Can Leo Vir
3rd Lib Sco Sag Cap Aqu Pis Sco Lib Vir
4th Can Leo Gem Tau Ari Pis Aqu Cap Sag

Movement in Rohini Chakra

Movement in Rohini Chakra
Pada/Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st Sag Cap Aqu Pis Ari Tau Gem Leo Can
2nd Vir Lib Sco Pis Aqu Cap Sag Sco Lib
3rd Vir Leo Can Gem Tau Ari Sag Cap Aqu
4th Pis Ari Tau Gem Leo Can Vir Lib Sco

Movement in Mrigasira Chakra

Movement in Mrigasira Chakra
Pada/Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st Pis Aqu Cap Sag Sco Lib Vir Leo Can
2nd Gem Tau Ari Sag Cap Aqu Pis Ari Tau
3rd Gem Leo Can Vir Lib Sco Pis Aqu Cap
4th Sag Sco Lib Vir Leo Can Gem Tau Ari

Balance at Birth Time

This chapter describes the calculation of Dasa balance for Kalachakra.

Calculation of Dasa Balance

Example

Male birth at July 6 1935, 11:45 AM local mean time. Location Chinghai/Kohonor Tibet, longitude 91:41:00 E, latitude 29:43:00 N. Universal time of birth is 5:38:16AM.

Moon's position is 20 37'00" leo (Lahiri Ayanamsa). Birth Nakshatra is Purva Phalguni 3rd Pada.

The elapsed Pada portion is 0.185031824 (time method).

Finding the Birth Influence

Example

Again the same chart.

The birth is in Purva Phalguni 1st Pada. So we have

Since the Paramayus is 85 years, we get a time portion of
15.72770504 years = 15 years 8 months 22 days.

We deduct the Mahadasa times from this value until the last Mahadasa is greater than the portion.

  1. 1st Mahadasa is leo (5 years): 15.72770504 - 5 = 10.72770504.
  2. 2nd Mahadasa is Cancer and has 21 years. This is more than 15.7 years, so we have found out that Cancer is the first Mahadasa.

Antardasas

This chapter describes the calculation of Kalachakra Antardasas.

Calculation of Antardasa duration will be exposed first.

Duration of Antardasas

Total time of the current Dasa is basic for Antardasa calculation. Each Antardasa gets the proportinial portion as contributed be the duration of the Antardasa lord (relative to Paramayus).

Example

Taurus Dasa has a total period of 16 years. Let birth be in the 3rd Pada of Aswini Chakra (Savya). The Paramayus is 83 years. We get therefore

Taurus/Taurus = 16 * 16 / 83 = 3.0843 years = 3Y 1M
Taurus/Aries = 7 * 16 / 83 = 1.349 years = 1Y 4M 6D
etc.

The sum of 8 Antardasa durations must be equal to the duration of the Mahadasa.

Antardasa Sequence

Antardasa sequence begins with the Mahadasa lord. Antardasa sequence proceeds until the last Antardasa of the corresponding Pada group is reached. Next Antardasa will be the first Rasi of the corresponding group.

Example

Let's assume again that birth took place in the 3rd Pada of Aswini Chakra (Savya). Let Capricorn be the first Antardasa. So Antardasa sequence will proceed to Gemini (Jeeva) and will continue in Taurus (Deha).

See table. First Antardasas (Capricorn to Gemini) are marked yellow, second part is marked green (Taurus to Aquarius).

Antardasa Example for Aswini Chakra 3rd Pada and Capricorn Mahadasa
Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi Paramayus Deha Jeeva
1st Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
100 Ari Sag
2nd Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
85 Tau Can
3rd Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
83 Tau Gem
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
86 Can Pis


Cycles of the Chakra

The question of cycles is one of the most delicate questions regarding Kalachakra.

There are different opinions about what happens if the Dasa sequence reaches the last sign of the corresponding group (Jeeva for Savya, Deha for Apsavya). Confusion is worse for the question what happens if the last Dasa of a Pada or a Savya/Apsavya group is reached.

Most methods agree that a jump from one Pada to the next happens in that case.

First View: Progressive Method

Progressive method assumes that the Kalachakra moves from one Pada to the next if the Kalachakra reaches the end of one cycle.

Example

Let Moon be in the 2nd Pada of Mrigasira so that the first Mahadasa is Pisces. The following Mahadasas are Aries and Taurus. Now there is a jump to the third Pada of Mrigasira, i.e. the subsequent Dasas will be Gemini, Leo, etc.

See table for this example. The corresponding Dasas are marked green.

Progression for birth in 2nd Mrigasira Pada
Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi Paramayus Jeeva Deha
1st Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Pis Can
2nd Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
83 Gem Tau
3rd Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
85 Gem Cap
4th Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
100 Sag Ari

More complicated are chart with the Moon in the last Pada of Nakshatra or a group of of Nakshatras.

The following rules apply

Example

Second View: Cyclic Method

This method assumes that there is no change of Pada if the chakra reaches the last Dasa of a Pada. So the chakra will proceed in the same Pada.

This method is similar to Antardasa movement.

Example

Let birth be in the 1st Pada of Mrigasira with Cancer Mahadasa. The subsequent Dasas will be in the first Pada, too. So the sequence will be Pisces (Jeeva), Aquarius, etc.

See table. First Dasas are marked green, second part is marked blue.

Dasa Sequence for Mrigasira 1st Pada (Cyclic Method)
Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi Paramayus Jeeva Deha
1st Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Pis Can
2nd Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
83 Gem Tau
3rd Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
85 Gem Cap
4th Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
100 Sag Ari

Third View: Progressive Method in same Nakshatra

This method is nearly the same as the first method. But the difference is that at the end of the last Pada of a Nakshatra the chakra will proceed with the first Dasa of the same Nakshatra.

Example

Let birth take place in the 4th Pada of Bharani. Let Sagittarius be the first Mahadasa. So the chakra will proceed to the first Pada of Bharani, i.e. the next Dasa will be Scorpio.

See table. The Dasas are marked green.

Progression for birth in 4th Bharani Pada
Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi Paramayus Deha Jeeva
1st Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
100 Sco Pis
2nd Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
85 Aqu Vir
3rd Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
83 Lib Vir
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
86 Can Sag

Fourth View: Portion Zero Method

This method is sometimes applied in South India. Basic idea is that the cycle begins always in the first Dasa of a Pada. So there is no movement from one Pada to the next.


Gatis (Jumps)

Gatis (Jumps) are irregular motions of the Kalachakra. These jumps play a key role in the native's life.

The picture below shows the possible jumps.

Kalachakra Gatis

First Jump: Mandooka Gati

Manduka Gati is the frog jump. It is a jump that leaves out a single sign.

Manduka Gati happens when the signs Cancer and Leo not have the normal zodiacal order in the chakra.

There are two Manduka jumps

Second Jump: Markati Gati

Markati Gati is the monkey's jump. This jump happens if the signs Cancer and Leo are not traversed in the regular order of the corresponding chakra.

Markati Gati is placed between two Manduka Gati jumps, i.e. in the sequence

Aries-Taurus-Gemini-Leo-Cancer-Virgo-Libra
there are tow Manduka Gatis and one Marakati Gati.

Third Jump: Simhavalokan Gati

Simhavalokan Gati is the lion's jump. It is a trigonal jump.

Simhavalokan Gati happens if there is a change of direct and reverse motion in the chakra. There are two jumps

Interpretation of the Jumps

We give hints of Parasara (chapter 46; 101-111) for the convenience of the reader

Manduka Gati (Savya)

101-102. The effects of the Dasa of the Rasis with Manduka Gati in the Savya Chakra are distress to friends, relations, parents and elders and there is likely to be cause for trouble from poison, weapons, thieves and enemies. In the Manduka Dasa of the Gati of a sign from Leo to Gemini there is the likelihood of the death of the mother or self, trouble from Government and possibility of brain fever.

Markati Gati (Savya)

103. The effects of the Dasa of sign with Markati Gati in the Savya Chakra are loss of wealth, agricultural products and animals, death of father, or an elderly close relation and feeling of lethargy.

Simhavalokan Gati (Savya)

104-105. The effects of the Dasa of the Rasis with Simhavlokan Gati in the Savya Chakra are possibility of injury from animals, loss of amity with friends, distress to near relations, drowning in a well, fall from animals, possibility of harm from poison, weapons and diseases and destruction of residential dwelling.

Manduka Gati (Apsavya)

106-108. In the Dasa of the Rasis with the Manduka Gati in the Apsavya Chakra the effects will be distress to wife and conditions, loss of children, possibility of feverish conditions and loss of position.

Markati Gati (Apsavya)

In the Dasa of the Rasis with the Markati Gati there may be danger from watery places, loss of position, distress from father, punishment from Government and wandering in the forests.

Simhavalokan Gati (Apsavya)

With the Simhavlokan there may be destruction of the dwelling and death of father etc.

General Indications of the Jumps

109-111. If the movement is from Pisces to Scorpio, the native may suffer from fever; if from Virgo to Cancer, there may be loss of brothers and kinsmen; if from Leo to Gemini, there may be ill health of the wife; if from Leo to Cancer, the native may die; if from Sagittarius to Aries, there may be death of uncles and similar relations. If the sign is in conjunction with a malefic, adverse conditions may be expected in the Dasa of that sign. Favourable effects will be felt in its Dasa if the sign beeing in conjunction with a benefic.


Appendix: Chakras

This chapter gives the complete Savya resp. Apsavya chakras. The tables contain Nakshatras and Amsas.

Savya Chakra

Savya Chakra
Nakshatra Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi P Ayus Deha Jeeva Amsa
Aswini
Punarvasu
Hasta
Mula
P Bhadra
1st Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
100 Ari Sag Ari
2rd Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
85 Tau Can Tau
3rd Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
83 Tau Gem Gem
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
86 Can Pis Can
Bharani
Pushyami
Chitra
P Shadha
U Bhadra
1st Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
100 Sco Pis Leo
2rd Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
85 Aqu Vir Vir
3rd Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
83 Lib Vir Lib
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
86 Can Sag Sco
Krittika
Aslesha
Swati
U Shadha
Revati
1st Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
100 Ari Sag Sag
2rd Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Can
21
Leo
5
Gem
9
85 Tau Can Cap
3rd Tau
16
Ari
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
83 Tau Gem Aqu
4th Can
21
Leo
5
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
86 Can Pis Pis

Apsavya Chakra

Apsavya Chakra
Nakshatra Pada Rasi - Years of the Rasi P Ayus Jeeva Deha Amsa
Rohini
Magha
Visakha
Sravana
1st Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Sag Can Sco
2rd Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
83 Vir Lib Lib
3rd Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
85 Vir Aqu Vir
4th Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
100 Pis Sco Can
Mrigasira
P Phalguni
Anuradha
Dhanista
1st Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Pis Can Leo
2rd Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
83 Gem Tau Gem
3rd Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
85 Gem Cap Tau
4th Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
100 Sag Ari Ari
Ardra
U Phalguni
Jyeshta
Satabhisha
1st Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
86 Sag Can Pis
2rd Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
Pis
10
Aqu
4
Cap
4
Sag
10
Sco
7
Lib
16
83 Vir Lib Aqu
3rd Vir
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Gem
9
Tau
16
Ari
7
Sag
10
Cap
4
Aqu
4
85 Vir Aqu Cap
4th Pis
10
Ari
7
Tau
16
Gem
9
Leo
5
Can
21
Vir
9
Lib
16
Sco
7
100 Pis Sco Sag


Asta Koota

Asta Koota is a method for partnership (or marriage) matching in Vedic astrology. It is based upon an analysis of the Moon positions of the couple.

Restrictions

Asta Koota should not be the only source for the judgment of partnership matching. Other important factors are

  1. The individual charts should be analyzed first. For example, if indications for separation are found, it is likely that the first partnership will not last forever.
  2. Mutual house positions should be considered, too. Especially the Moon, Ascendent and Venus are important factors

The Eight Koota Types

Type Points Other Names Indication
Varna Koota 1 Social matching
Vashya Koota 2 Control, amenability
Dina Koota 3 Tara Bala Health, family happiness
Yoni Koota 4 Sexual attraction
Graha Maitram 5 Rasyadhipathi Mental affection
Gana Koota 6 Character matching
Rasi Koota 7 Bha Koota Several general indications
Nadi Koota 8 Physiological matching, offspring

So 36 points are possible for traditional Asta Koota matching.

Another interesting Koota is Rajju Koota.


Varna Koota

Varna is the caste of the native. The caste has a social aspect and also a spiritual one.

There are four Varnas

  1. Brahmin (or Vipra): priest, highest caste
  2. Kshattriya: warrior, ruler of the earth
  3. Vaishya: merchant, doing business
  4. Shudra: doing service, lowest caste
Vana is not only a wordly property of the native but has a deeper spiritual meaning.

Calculation of Varna

There are several different methods to determine the Varna, based upon
  1. Rasi of the Moon
  2. Navamsa of the Moon
  3. Other objects like Ascendant or Sun
  4. Nakshatra of the Moon (more than four Varnas)
Astakoota uses the first option (Rasi of the Moon).

Varna Element Moon Signs
Brahmin Water Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces
Kshattriya Fire Aries, Leo, Sagittarius
Vaishya Air Gemini, Libra, Aquarius
Shudra Earth Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn

Varna Matching in Astakoota

Rule: the Varna of the groom should be equal or higher than the Varna of the bride. Favourable combinations get 1 point, else 0.

Bride ↓ Groom
Brahmin Kshattriya Vaishya Shudra
Brahmin 1 0 0 0
Kshattriya 1 1 0 0
Vaishya 1 1 1 0
Shudra 1 1 1 1

Vashya Koota

Vashya means control. So this Koota has an influence on the amenability and control between the two individuals.

Vashya Koota is based upon the comparison of 2 types of animals or human beeings assigned to the sign of the Moon.

The corresponding types are

Vashya Moon Signs
Quadruped Aries, Taurus, 1st half of Capricorn
Human Gemini, Virgo, Libra, Aquarius
Jalachara Cancer, Pisces, 2nd half of Capricorn
Leo Leo
Scorpio Scorpio

Vashya Matching

According to the compatibility of the assigned types the matching points are between 0 and 2.

Bride ↓ Groom
Quadruped Human Jalachara Leo Scorpio
Quadruped 2 0 0 0.5 0
Human 1 2 1 0.5 1
Jalachara 0.5 1 2 1 1
Leo 0 0 0 2 0
Scorpio 1 1 1 0 2

Dina Koota

Dina Koota is about health and familiar happiness.

It is based upon the Tara. In Tara calculation 9 groups of Nakshatras are considered. Each group has a benefic or malefic significance.

Tara can be applied to a single planet (e.g. the Moon) or it can be interpreted for a pair of planets. In Dina Koota the relationship between the Moon positions (i.e. the relationship of Janma Nakshatras) of the couple is evaluated.

The table below shows the Tara types and their assignment to the Nakshatras.

No. Tara Effect Nakshatras
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3
1 Janma Benefic Aswini Magha Moola
2 Sampat Prosperity Bharani Poorvaphalguni Poorvashadha
3 Vipat Obstacles Krittika Uttaraphalguni Uttarashadha
4 Kshema Gains Rohini Hasta Sravana
5 Pratyak Destruction Mrigasira Chitra Dhanista
6 Sadhaka Success Ardra Swati Satabhisha
7 Vadha Destruction, Death Punarvasu Visakha Poorvabhadra
8 Mitra Benefic Pushyami Anuradha Uttarabhadra
9 Parma Mitra Prosperity Aslesha Jyeshta Revati

Nakshatras 3, 5 and 7 are regarded as malefices.

Dina Calculation

The rule for Dina Koota calculation is
Count the number of Nakshatras from to groom to the bride and divide it by 9. If the remainder is 3, 5 or 7, no points are assigned, else 1.5.

Repeat the same in reverse order, again 1.5 points are assigned if the remainder is not 3, 5, or 7.

So the Dina Koota value can be 0, 1.5 or 3.


Yoni Koota

Yoni means vagina. It is about bodily attraction of the couple and the quality of their sexual contact.

Each Yoni has an animal symbol that describes its character. There are 14 Yonis in total, each one has a male and a female represenation.

Details in the table below.

Nakshatra Yoni Name Inimical Yoni
Male Female Sanskrit English
Aswini Satabhisha Ashwa Horse Buffalo
Bharani Revati Gaja Elephant Lion
Pushyami Krittika Mesha Sheep (Goat) Monkey
Rohini Mrigasira Sarpa Serpent Mongoose
Moola Ardra Swan Dog Deer
Aslesha Punarvasu Marjar Cat Rat
Magha Purvaphalguni Mushak Rat Cat
Uttaraphalguni Uttarabhadra Gow Cow Tiger
Swati Hasta Mahish Buffalo Horse
Visakha Chitra Vyaghra Tiger Cow
Jyeshta Anuradha Mriga Deer (Hare) Dog
Poorvashadha Sravana Vanar Monkey Sheep
Poorvabhadra Dhanista Simha Lion Elephant
Uttarashadha Abhijit Nakul Mongoose Serpent

Yoni Matching

There are several different interpretations of Yoni matching. The version implemented in Maitreya is summarized in the table below.

Bride ↓ Groom
HorseElephSheepSerpDogCatRatCowBuffTigerDeerMonkMongLion
Horse42232221013321
Elephant24332222312320
Sheep23421213312031
Serpent33242111122202
Dog22124212210211
Cat22212402213321
Rat22111042222212
Cow12312224303221
Buffalo03312223412221
Tiger11121120141121
Deer12220323214221
Monkey33022322212432
Mongoose22301212222342
Lion10121121211224

Graha Maitram

Graha Maitram is about the psychological matching of the couple and their affection.

It is based upon the natural friendships of the lords associated with the lords of the corresponding Moon Rasis.

Friendship of planets is described on the Dignities of Planets page.

Graha Maitram Matching

Relationship Points
Mutual Friendship 5
Friend and Neutral 4
Both Neutral 3
Friend and Enemy 2
Neutral and Enemy 1
Mutual enmity 0

Gana Koota

Gana has an influence on the temperament and character matching of the couple.

There are 3 Ganas

  1. Deva: Divine
  2. Manuj: Human
  3. Rakshas: Demon

Nakshatras assigned to the Ganas

Nakshatras Gana
Aswini, Mrigasira, Punarvasu, Pushyami, Hasta, Swati, Anuradha, Sravana, Revati Deva
Bharani, Rohini, Ardra, Poorvaphalguni, Uttaraphalguni, Poorvashadha, Uttarashadha, Poorvabhadra, Uttarabhadra Manuj
Krittika, Aslesha, Magha, Chitra, Visakha, Jyeshta, Moola, Dhanista, Satabhisha Rakshas

Gana Matching

The Gana calculation logic of Maitreya can be seen in the table below.

Bride ↓ Groom
Deva Manushya Rakshasa
Deva 6 6 0
Manushya 5 6 0
Rakshasa 1 0 6

Rasi Koota

Rasi Koota is about the relationship ot the Rasis occupied by the Moon in the charts of the groom and bride.

Rasi Koota Evaluation

There are sveral different opinions about Rasi Koota evaluation. the rule implemented in Maitreya is:

if the relationship is 5/9, 6/8 or 2/12 they get no points else they get 7 points.

The rule is detailed in the table below.

Quality Points Mutual Rasi Positions
Benefic 7 1st, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 10th, 11th
Malefic 0 2nd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 12th

Nadi Koota

Nadi Koota is about the three Dosas Vata (wind), Pitta (bile) and Kapha resp. Sheshma (phlegm). It has an influence on physiological matching of the couple.

Nadi matching is important for the health of the children, too.

In Astakoota the Nadis are called Adi, Madhya and Antya. The table below summarizes the three Nadis.

Koota Name Ayurvedic Name English Name
Adi Vata Wind
Madhya Pitta Bile
Antya Kapha Phlegm
The Nadis are based upon the Nakshatra position of the Moon at the time of birth. The Nakshatras assigned to the Nadis are

Nadi Nakshatras
Adi Aswini, Ardra, Punarvasu, Uttaraphalguni, Hasta, Jyeshta, Moola, Satabhisha, Poorvabhadra
Madhya Bharani, Mrigasira, Pushyami, Poorvaphalguni, Chitra, Anuradha, Poorvashadha, Dhanista, Uttarabhadra
Antya Krittika, Rohini, Aslesha, Magha, Swati, Visakha, Uttarashadha, Sravana, Revati

Nadi Matching

The couple should have different Nadis in order to get 8 point. Otherwise no point is given.


Rajju Koota

Type Nakshatras Rajju/Part of Body
Aroha Aswini, Magha, Moola Pada (foot)
Bharani, Poorvaphalguni, Poorvashadha Kati (waist)
Krittika, Uttaraphalguni, Uttarashadha Nabhi (navel)
Rohini, Hasta, Sravana Kanta (neck)
Shiro Mrigasira, Chitra, Dhanista Shiro (head)
Avaroha Ardra, Swati, Satabhisha Kanta (neck)
Punarvasu, Visakha, Poorvabhadra Nabhi (navel)
Pushyami, Anuradha, Uttarabhadra Kati (waist)
Aslesha, Jyeshta, Revati Pada (foot)

Rules

Points Relationship
4 Different Rajjus, both Aroha
3 Different Rajjus, mixed type (Aroha/Siro/Avaroha)
2 Same Rajju, one in Aroha, other in Avaroha
1 Different Rajjus, both in Avaroha
0 Same Rajju and same type

Sarvatobhadra

Sarvatobhadra is a technique for Nakshatra based prediction in Vedic astrology. Nakshatra based techniques prove to be very fruitful e.g. in Vimsottari or Kalachakra Dasa and in KP system.

Sarvatobhadra is displayed in the Sarvatobhadra Chakra (SBC). Sbc is a good additional tool for chart reading and Dasa prediction. It gives valuable information about the birth chart and its Nakshatra based positive and negative features. Moreover it gives a key for Gochara (transit) predictions and can thus be used as valuable addition for timing of events.

The Sarvatobhadra technique is supposed to be very old. The fact that Abhijit (the 28th Nakshatra ) plays a role in this technique is a hint that it comes from ancient times.

There are only spare references of Sbc in classical scriptures, e.g. a small chapter in Mantreswars's Phala Deepika. Most of the illustrious scriptures (like Hora Shastra, Jataka Parijata, Saravali or Brihat Jataka) do not mention this technique at all.

Subsections of this page are

Section Contents
Basics Introduction to the fundamentals.
Completing the Chakra Planets, week days and Rasis in Sbc.
Vedhas Explanation of the Vedhas.


Basics

Sbc uses a zodiac of 28 Nakshatras.

This is a significant difference to other Nakshatra based chakras. Most of these classical chakras depend on a zodiac of 27 Nakshatras, so they are trigonal because the number 27 has only the divisors 3 and 9.

So the presence of Abhijit plays a key role and gives rise to a rectangular Nakshatra chart composed of 4 * 7 = 28 basic fields.

Placement of Nakshatras

Sarvatobhadra Chakra is drawn in a rectangle of 9 * 9 = 81 fields. The Nakshatras belong to upper and lower row, resp. the left and right column. The corners and the 7 * 7 sections in the center of the chakra are not occupied so far.

The counting is clockwise. Aswini is the 6th Nakshatra in the upper row. The other Nakshatras (including Abhijit) follow in regular manner.

The picture below shows the Chakra. Sarvatobhadra

The Corners

There are 4 corners in Sbc. They have special significance.

It is written that the Nakshatra Padas in neighborhood to the corners are critical points and must be regarded in a special manner.

The following table gives the zodiacal positions of the corners and their corresponding neighbourhood Padas.

Corner Between Nakshatras Corner Position Pada Before Pada After
Right Upper Bharani - Krittika 26:40 Ar 23:20 - 26:40 Ari 26:40 Ari - 0:00 Tau
Right Lower Aslesha - Makha 0:00 Leo 26:40 Can - 0:00 Leo 0:00 - 2:20 Leo
Left Lower Vishakha - Anuradha 3:20 Sco 0:00 - 3:20 Sco 3:20 - 6:40 Sco
Left Upper Sravana - Dhanishta 23:20 Cap 20:00 - 23:20 Cap 23:20 - 26:40 Cap

The Role of Abhijit

Abhijit is the 28th star and is located between Uttarashadha and Sravana.

There are two main opinions about the usage of Abhijit.


Completing the Chakra

Planets and Weekdays

The 7 planets are written into the center of the chakra: Saturn in the very center, the other planets on his left (Jupiter), right (Sun/Mars), top (Venus) and bottom (Moon, Mercury). These squares are also assigned to the 7 weekdays.

The weekdays correspond to the native's birthday. The sign of Lagna is another point of importance, e.g. for the health of the native.

Rasis

The 12 Rasis are placed around the planets (see chakra).

Letters

The Sanskrit letters are placed in the empty squares (see chakra).

The letters correspond to the name of the native or the subject of the query.

The picture below shows the complete Sbc.

Sarvatobhadra


Vedhas

Vedhas establish relationships between Nakshatras resp. points of the zodiac.

Vedhas can be compared with aspects. There are different types of aspects in classical Vedic Astrology: aspects between Rasis (like Graha and Rasi Drishti) and aspects between points of the zodiac (like Sputa Drishti).

Vedhas of Nakshatras

Each Nakshatra has three Vedhas. Forward direction means movement in the sense of a planet in direct motion. Backward direction is the movement of a retrograde planet, the opposite corresponds to a stationary planet.

Examples

Vedhas of Individual Points in the Zodiac

Vedhas of Nakshatras are only one way of interpretation. The argument of Vedhas can also be applied to individual points of the zodiac.

Each individual point of the zodiac has three Vedas. The vedha point is reached if we make a proportional consideration (rule of three) regarding the longitude of a planet. E.g. The second degree of Aswini has its opposite point in the second degree of Purvaphalguni (counted from the end): 24 Leo.

Regions of the zodiac can be calulated in a simplar manner, i.e. by taking the start and end point of the region.

Examples


Shadbala

Shadbala is a powerful source for calculation of planetary strength. It is described in chapter 27 of Hora Shastra. Shadbala consists of 6 different sources of strength. Each source represents an aspect of strength, such as planetary placement in zodiacal signs or aspectual strength.

Subsections are

Section Contents
Shadbala Basics List of Shadbalas and Basics
Sthana Bala Positional strength and five subbalas
Dig Bala directional strength
Kala Bala Temporary strength with six sub Balas
Ayana Bala Equinoctial strength and its calculation (part of of Kala Bala)
Cheshta Bala Motional strength and its calculation
Naisargika Bala Natural strength of planets
Drig Bala Aspectual strength and its calculation
Bala Summary The sum of all Balas is the source for evalutation of their strength

Shadbala Basics

Signification

Planetary strength is important for chart prediction. Strong planets will have auspicious effects during their time of influence (Dasas, transits). Weak planets will have inauspicious effects.

Strength of Rasi resp. Bhava lords is another important aspect of the chart. Bhavas will have effects according to their strength and the strength of their lords.

Some sources of strength give hints for special purposes: e.g. Digbala gives informations about directions having positive or negative effects.

Calculation

The complete Shadbala is the sum of all Balas. Balas are calculated in Rupas or Virupas. One Rupa has 60 Virupas. Most sources of strength have values between 0 Virupas (very weak) and maximum value of 60 Virupas (very strong). Other sources (like Drekkana Bala) have only a maximum value of 30 Virupas.

Parasara gives required values of strength for each planet. Planets meeting these requirements are considered to be strong. These planets will have favourable effects. Planets without strength will prove inauspicious.

Types of Shadbala

There are 6 main types of Shadbala. Sthana Bala and Kala Bala have several sub-Balas. The hierarchy (including translation of Sanskrit terms) is shown below. Please follow the links.

Summary Bala Summary

Sthana Bala

Sthana Bala is the strength of planetary positions. This kind of strength depends exclusively on the zodiacal positions of the planets. Other factors (like speed, Bhava cusps or aspects) are neglected in this context.

There are 5 parts of Sthana Bala. The total Sthana Bala is the sum of these 5 parts.

No. Sthana Bala Type Description
1 Uchcha Bala Strength of exaltation
2 Saptavargaja Bala Divisional strength
3 Ojhajugmariamsa Bala Placement in odd/even Rasis and Navamsas
4 Kendradi Bala Placement in Kendra, succedent or cadent houses
5 Drekkana Bala Drekkana placement of planets

1. Uchcha Bala

Uchcha Bala is a measure for the distance between a planet and its exaltation point.

Each planet gets 1 Rupa in exaltation and zero in debilation. Other positions contribute a proportional value.

Rule: Find out the distance between a planet an its debilation point (max is 180). Uchcha Bala (in Virupas) will be one third of this value.

Uchcha Bala Example

Let the Sun be in 12 Gemini. Debilation is in 10 Libra. Distance between both points is 118 deg. So Uchcha Bala will be 118/3 = 39.3 Virupas.

2. Saptavargaja Bala

Saptavargaja Bala is the divisional strength of seven Vargas (Saptavargas). Saptavargaja Bala is similar to Saptavarga calculation, but the evaluation is different, and there is no weigthed evaluation, i.e. all Vargas have the same contribution.

The seven Vargas are

Each Varga placement contributes a strength according to the placement in the planet's sign.

Placement Strength (Virupas)
Moolatrikona 45
Onw Rasi 30
Extreme friend (Adhi Mitra) 20
Friend (Mitra) 15
Neutral (Sama) 10
Enemy (Satru) 4
Extreme Enemy (Adhi Satru) 2

Theoretical maximum value for Saptavargaja Bala is 45*7=315 Virupas (Planet in Moolatrikona for all Vargas).

Remarks

  1. Strength calculation is not the same as in Saptavarga calculation.
  2. Exaltation and debilation play no role in Saptavargaja Bala.
  3. Moolatrikona placement in Varga charts is calculated according to sign position not to longitude (because there is no longitude in higher Varga charts).
  4. There are different opinions about temporary friendship of planets. Some say that temporary friendship is always relative to Rasi placement of planets, others say that this friendship must be calculated from the underlying Varga chart.

3. Ojhajugmariamsa Bala

Ojhajugmariamsa Bala is about the placement of the planets odd/even Rasis and Navamsas.

Female planets (Moon, Venus) get 15 Virupas if they are placed in even Rasi/Navamsa, zero otherwise.

Male planets (Sun, Mars, Jupiter) and neutral planets (Mercury, Saturn) get 15 Virupas if they are placed in in odd Rasi/Navamsa, zero otherwise.

This calculation must be made for Rasi an Navamsa chart separately, i.e. a planet can get a maximum of 30 Virupas for this kind of strength.

Ojhajugmariamsa Bala Example

Moon in 1 Pisces gets 15 Virupas for Rasi placement in odd sign and 15 Virupas for placement in female Navamsa (Cancer). The total Ojhajugmariamsa Bala is therefore 30 Virupas.

4. Kendradi Bala

Kendradi Bala evaluates the fact that planets in angles (Kendras) are stronger than planets in succedent or cadent houses.

Each planet in angle gets full strength (60 Virupas), planets in succedent houses get 50% of strength (30 Virupas), while planets in cadent houses only get 25% (15 Virupas). There is no distinction between male and female planets etc. in this Bala type.

The table below shows the Kendradi Bala for all houses.

Type Houses Strength (Virupas)
Kendra (angle) 1, 4, 7, 10 60
Panaphara (succedent) 2, 5, 8, 11 30
Apoklima (cadent) 3, 6, 9, 12 15

5. Drekkana Bala

Drekkana Bala is based upon placement of planets in decanates of Rasis.

Male planets get 15 Virupas in first decanate, female planets in 2nd decanate, neutral planets in 3rd decanate. This evalution is valid for all zodiacal signs; there is no distinction between male and female signs.

The table below shows the Drekkana Bala for Rasi positions. The degrees are the Rasi portions of the planets' longitudes (e.g. Mars in 15° Leo will have Drekkana portion of 15° in the table).

Planets/Degrees 0° - 10° 10° - 20° 20°- 30°
Sun, Mars, Jupiter 15 0 0
Moon, Venus 0 15 0
Mercury, Saturn 0 0 15


Dig Bala

Dig Bala is the strength of planetary directions, i.e. their position relative to the angles of the chart.

Signification

Digbala has high influence on the effects of the planets.

  1. Planets with high Digbala will have auspicious effects in the direction of their strength.
  2. Planets with bad Digbala will cause losses and difficulties in their direction of strength or the opposite direction.
Remark: It is difficult to determine the correct direction in which events will take place because there are different views of planetary directions. Digbala is the source of strength but events may take place in the directions attributed to the planets, i.e.

Calculation

Each planet has directional strength in an angle of the chart. These points of strength are: the cusp of 1st house (Ascandant), 7th house (Descendant), 4th house (Nadir, Imum Coeli) or 10th house (Meridian, Medium Coeli).

Sun and Mars are strong in the 10th, Jupiter and Mercury in the Ascendant, Moon and Venus in the 4th and Saturn in the 7th.

Dig Bala of a planet is the distance between his position and the corresponding point of mimimum strength (in Virupas). Values greater than 180° or 60 Virupas must be deducted from 360° resp. 120 Virupas, so the Dig Bala of a planet must be between zero and 60 Virupas.

The table below shows the strongest and weakest points of Dig Bala for the planets.

Planets Strongest Weakest
Sun, Mars Meridian Nadir
Mercury, Jupiter Ascendant Descendant
Moon, Venus Nadir Meridian
Saturn Descendant Ascendant

Examples

1. Let Moon be in 3° Taurus and Meridian in 17° Cancer. Dig Bala of the Moon is therefore

digbala = ( 97° - 33° ) / 3 = 64/3 = 21 Virupas

2. Let Sun be in 12° Capricorn and Ascendant in 23° Cancer. Dig Bala of the Sun must be calculated from the Descendant i.e. 23° Capricorn

digbala = ( 293° - 272° ) / 3 = 21/3 = 7 Virupas


Kala Bala

Kala Bala is the temporal strength the planets, i.e. it is a collection of different sources of strength at the time of birth.

Kala Bala consists of 6 parts.

No. Kala Bala Type Description
1 Nathonatha Bala Diurnal/nocturnal strength
2 Paksha Bala Strength related to Lunar phase
3 Tribhaga Bala Related to portions of the day/night
4 Varsha-Masa-Dina-Hora Bala Astrological year (Varsha), month (Masa), day (Dina) and hour (Hora)
5 Yudhdha Bala Strength caused by planetary war
6 Ayana Bala Equinoctial strength. Some see Ayana Bala as a separate source of strength.

1. Nathonatha Bala

Nathonatha Bala relates to diurnal resp. nocturnal strength of the planets.

Calculation

2. Paksha Bala

Paksha Bala is related to Lunar phase at the time of birth. Benefics get high Pakasha Bala near Full Moon, low Bala near New Moon. Reverse for malefics.

Calculation

Paksha Bala in Virupas depends on the angle between Moon and Sun. The formula is
pakshabala = ( moon - sun ) / 3

The Bala must be deducted from 120 if the value exceeds 60.

This method yields a small value if birth takes place near New Moon (irrespective of placement before/after New Moon). Birth near Full Moon will result in high Paksha Bala (~60). Birth near Half Moon will have 30 Virupas.

This method is extended to all planets in Paksha Bala. Benefic planets (Jupiter, Venus) get Paksha Bala Virupas according to this method.

The method of calculation is reverse for malefics (Sun, Mars, Saturn) i. e. the value must be deducted from 60.

The Moon is benefic if birth takes place in the bright half of the month, i.e. birth is between New Moon and Full Moon. Reversely Moon is malefic for birth in the dark half of the month (between Full Moon and New Moon).

Mercury is regarded as malefic if conjunct with a malefic, benefic otherwise.

3. Tribhaga Bala

Tribhaga Bala is about portions of the day/night at the time of birth.

Each portion of the day resp. night has a lord as its ruler. The lord of the birth time will get full strength (60 Virupas). See table.

Day/Night Part Lord
Day 1 Mercury
Day 2 Sun
Day 3 Saturn
Night 1 Moon
Night 2 Venus
Night 3 Mars

Jupiter always gets 60 Virupas, i.e. each chart will have two planets with 60 Virupas Tribhaga Bala: the lord of birth time and Jupiter. Other planets will have nil Tribhaga Bala.

4. Varsha-Masa-Dina-Hora Bala

This Bala is about the astrological year, month, day and hour in which birth takes place.

Astrological fundaments and calculation of this Bala are described on the Hora page.

The strength of this Bala are

5. Yudhdha Bala

Yudhdha Bala is about planetary war. Planetary war takes place if 2 planets (Mars ... Saturn) are within one degree of each other.

The planet with the higher longitude is the winner. The difference of Kala Bala points aquired so far will be redistributed and must be added to the winner's amount and reduced from the loser's amount.

.


Ayana Bala

Ayana Bala plays a singular role in Shadbala calculation. Some see it as a part of Kala Bala, others see Ayana Bala as a separate source of strength.

Ayana Bala is identical to Cheshta Bala for the Sun (the Sun has no own Cheshta Bala because he is always in Sama motion).

Signification

Ayana Bala depends upon declination and the tropical zodiac, i.e. Ayanamsa must be neglected. Ayana Bala is the only source for evaluation of this planetary property. Moon and Saturn are strong with southern declination; Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Venus in the north.

Mercury plays a special role in so far as it is strong with northern as well as southern declination. So Mercury is again the most neutral planet.

All planets (including Mercury) have medium Ayana Bala near the equinoxes.

Calculation

Ayana Bala depends upon the declination of the planets resp. their tropical longitude (which is nearly the same, see below). It is important to remember that Ayanamsa must be added to the planetary longitudes in Ayana Bala calculation.

The planets form 3 groups, each of them having their own rules for Ayana Bala calculation. All planets have 50% Ayana Bala strength (30 Virupas) in the equinoxes (0 Aries and 0 Libra).

The specific rules are

  1. The Moon and Saturn have maximum Ayana Bala (60 Virupas) near the point 0 Capricorn, zero in 0 Cancer.
  2. The Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Venus have maximum Ayana Bala near the point 0 Cancer, zero in 0 Capricorn.
  3. Mercury has maximum Ayana Bala near 0 Cancer and 0 Capricorn.

Kranti Based Calculation

Kranti is the declination of a planet relative to the celestial equator. A planet in the equinox has Kranti zero while a planet near the point 0 Capricorn or 0 Cancer has maximum Kranti (which is about 23:27 deg).

The rule for Ayana Bala calculation is

ayanabala = 30 * ( eps +- kranti ) / eps = 1.2793 * (eps +- kranti)

where eps is the obliquity of the ecliptic (23:27). The rules for addition/subtraction of the Kranti value are

Parasara's Method

The second method is described by Parasara in chapter 27 (15-17) of Hora Shastra.

Find out the tropical longitude of a planet i.e. add Ayanamsa to its longitude. Calculate the distance from the nearest equinoxe. This value must be between 0 and 90. There are 3 Khandas (portions) for 3 possible Rasis: 45 (1st sign), 33 (2nd sign) and 12 (3rd sign).

Khanda Rules

1.) Planets within the 1st sign get the proportional strength according to their longitude in that sign (Khanda 45).

Example: A planet in 10° Pisces has distance 20° from equinoxe (0° Aries) and will get a value of 20/30 * 45 = 30.

2.) Planets in the 2nd sign (30°-60°) will get the Khanda of 45 plus proportional value (of 33) for their longitude in the 2nd sign.

Example: a planet in 10° Scorpio has distance of 40° from equinoxe. So the value is 45+ 10/30 * 33 = 56.

3.) Planets in the 3rd sign (60° - 90°) get a value of 78 (=45+33) plus the portion of the Khanda value (12).

Example: a planet in 15° Cancer has distance 75° from equinoxe. The total value will be 78 + 15/30 * 12 = 84.

The result must be between 0-90. Planets near the equinoxes get a small value (near 0); planets near 0°Cancer or 0°Capricorn get a high value (near 90).

Rules for Specific Planets

Moon and Saturn get in addition 90 degrees if they are posited between Libra and Pisces. The value must be deducted from 90 if their position is between Aries and Virgo.

Same vice versa for Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Venus i.e. 90 must be added for for positions between Aries and Virgo; the value must be deducted from 90 for Libra to Pisces.

For Mercury 90 must always be added.

The result must be divided by 3 to get Ayana Bala in Virupas. The value must be between 0 and 60 Virupas.

Length Based Calculation

This method doesn't use the declination of the planets but is only based upon their tropical longitude. The results are almost identical to the above described method's results.

The calculation rule is

ayanabala = 30 * ( 1 +- abs( sin( len ) ) )

where len is the tropical longitude of the correponding planet/luminary.

The rules for addition/subtraction are the same as above.

Example

Take May 1st 1990 0:00 UT as example. Length must be Sayana (without Ayanamsa); declination must be relative to the equator (not to the ecliptic).

The table shows that the results are quite similar; the tolerance is within 2 Virupas.

Planet Length Declination Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
Sun 10°22 Taurus 14°56 N 49.1 48.8 49.4
Moon 29°55 Cancer 21°12 N 4.2 3.9 4.0
Mars 07°32 Pisces 10°12 S 17.0 18.8 18.5
Mercury 15°05 Taurus 17°36 N 52.5 50.5 51.2
Jupiter 06°57 Cancer 23°23 N 59.9 59.1 59.8
Venus 26°28 Pisces 02°29 S 26.8 28.2 28.2
Saturn 25°20 Capricorn 20°54 S 56.7 56.6 57.1


Cheshta Bala

Cheshta Bala is the strength of planetary motions.

This kind of strength applies only to the planets, not to the luminaries. The Cheshta Bala of the Sun is identical to his Ayana Bala; Cheshta Bala of the Moon is her Paksha Bala.

The five planets (Mars ... Saturn) may have 8 different types of motion. They can be in direct motion (slow, normal or accelerated), be stationary or retrograde. Another kind of motion is the introgression into the next/previous sign of the zodiac in accelerated of retrograde motion.

Retrograde Motion

Retrograde Planets are very strong according to Cheshta Bala. A retrograde planet is powerfull and gets the full Cheshta Bala (i.e. 60 Virupas). This kind of motion is called Vakra.

Another kind of retrograde motion is Anuvakra. A planet is in Anuvakra motion if he is retrograde and enters the previous sign in his retrograde motion. Anuvakra planets get 50% of strength (30 Virupas).

Stationary Planets

A planet is stationary if he he is devoid of motion. This happens if the motion is changing from direct to retrograde or vice versa. Stationary planets get a strength of 25% i.e. 15 Virupas. This kind of motion is called Vikala.

Direct Motion

There are 5 different kinds of direct motion described in Hora Shastra.

The motion is called Mandatara if the speed is slow. Mandatara motion gets 25% of strength (15 Virupas).

The motion is called Manda if the speed is medium. Manda motion gets 50% of strength (30 Virupas).

Normal motion is called Sama. A planet is in Sama motion if his speed is near the average. Sama motion gets 7.5 Virupas and is the weakest of all motions.

Fast direct motion is called Chara. Chara planets get 75% of strength (45 Virupas).

A special Chara motion is Atichara. A planet is in Atichara motion if he is in Chara and enters the next sign of the zodiac. Atichara planets get 50% of strength (30 Virupas).

Summary of Cheshta Bala

The table below summarizes the different types of Cheshta Bala.
Motion Virupas Speed (Percent) Remark
Vakra 60 < 0 Must not enter previous sign
Anuvakra 30 < 0 Like Vakra. Planet enters previous sign in retrograde motion
Vikala 15 < 10% of average speed -
Mandatara 15 Between 10% and 50% of average speed -
Manda 30 Between 50% and 100% of average speed -
Sama 7.5 Between 100% and 150% of average speed -
Chara 45 > 150% of average speed Must not enter next sign
Atichara 30 > 150% of average speed Like Chara. Planet enters next sign in direct motion

Naisargika Bala

Naisargika Bala is the natural strength of the planets. This strength does not depend on the specific chart but is fixed for all charts.

Signification

Planets with nearly identical Shadbala can be evaluated by their Naisargika Bala, i.e. the planet with higher Naisargika Bala can be regarded as stronger.

Calculation

The seven bodies are ordered by their luminosity and get relative strength according to their position in that order. Sun has the highest luminosity, Saturn is the darkest planet; other planets get portions of 1/7 Rupa according to their position in that order.

Position Body Strength (Rupas) Virupas
1 Sun 7/7 60
2 Moon 6/7 51.4
3 Venus 5/7 42.9
4 Jupiter 4/7 34.3
5 Mercury 3/7 25.7
6 Mars 2/7 17.1
7 Saturn 1/7 8.6


Drig Bala

Drig Bala is the aspectual strength of planets, i.e. strength received from other planets by their aspects.

Signification

Most Balas are standalone properties of a planet. But Drig Bala has to do with strength coming from other planets. This is important for prediction because periods of a planet with high Drig Bala will produce helping effects. Aspecting planets will help during their periods or transits.

Using Sputa Drishti

The classical view of Graha Drishti is refined in chapter 26 of Hora Shastra: Sputa Drishti gives exact values for each angle between pairs of planets, see the Drishtis (Aspects) page.

Drig Bala has a slightly different approach. Aspects are sorted in two groups: benefic and malefic aspects.

Benefics are Jupiter and Venus. Malefics are Sun, Mars and Saturn. Moon is a benefic if birth takes place in the bright half of the month. Mercury is malefic if conjunct with a malefic (including nodes).

Drig Bala needs a rectification of Sputa Drishti. The values for rectification are

The Drig Bala of a planet is the sum of all rectified aspectual values.


Bala Summary

Strength and weakness of the planets depend upon their net Bala strength i.e. the sum of the Balas. The net strength is important for the judgement of the effects during Dasas and transits.

Planets with high net Bala will have strong effects. These effects will be auspisious in most cases. But strong planets can also have strong inauspisious effects, especially Saturn and Mars. Planets with low net Bala will prove inauspicious or harmless.

Shadbala Requirements

Strength and weakness of planets depend upon their total Shadbala. Planets are considered to be strong if they meet the minimum Shadbala requirements mentioned in Hora Shastra. The values are

Planet Required (Rupas) Virupas
Sun 6.5 390
Moon 6.0 360
Mars 5.0 300
Mercury 7.0 420
Jupiter 6.5 390
Venus 5.5 330
Saturn 5 300

A planet that has at least the required Shadbala Pinda is considered to be strong and will show favourable results. Nevertheless malefics like Saturn or Mars can give problems and miseries, too.

Requirements for Individual Shadbala Types

There is another Shadbala requirement template that is based upon individual requirements for different types of Sub-Balas. This approach can be used as an alternative method for judgement of strength, even if the requirements mentioned above do not match.

Planets are arranged in groups. The corresponding planet must match all the requirements in order to be considered as strong.

The table shows the required Balas in Virupas.

Planets Sthana Bala Dig Bala Kala Bala Cheshta Bala Ayana Bala
Sun, Jupiter, Mercury 165 35 50 112 30
Moon, Venus 133 50 30 100 40
Mars, Saturn 96 30 40 67 20


FAQ

Most frequently asked questions - and answers.

1. General Questions

  1. How can I get the software?
  2. I downloaded the software. How can I start the program?
  3. Is the software free? Are there any license fees or other restrictions?
  4. How can I report a bug?
  5. Is there any active mailing list?
  6. Is there any active mailing list?
  7. How can I change the language of the program?
  8. I would like to see the software running in my native language.
  9. How many people belong to the development team?
  10. How long did it take to develop the software?

2. Astrological Questions

  1. How can I use the software?
  2. I am a beginner in astrology. How can I learn it?
  3. I calculated my chart. Where is the interpretation?
  4. I send you my birth data. When will I get married? When will I find a job?
  5. I get wrong calculation results.
  6. Dasa start and end date calculations differ from other Jyotish software. What is wrong?
  7. How can I enter the time zone for a birth place in India?
  8. I need the feature "xyz" for my work. Can you add that feature?

3. Technical Questions

  1. I get errors when I try to compile the program on my Linux machine. What can I do?
  2. I see strange Latin letters "A", "B" etc. in graphical chart or text views. What is wrong?
  3. I see strange symbols (rectangles, spaces etc.) in the program. What is wrong?
  4. I get a message box telling me that Swiss Ephemeris Data Files are missing.
  5. Are mobile devices supported?
  6. The program doesn't run on my Windows 98 computer. Is that platform supported?
  7. Are the source codes of the program available?
  8. The program crashes. What can I do?

Answers

1. General Questions

1.1: How can I get the software?

The software can be downloaded for free from the Download page.


1.2: I downloaded the software. How can I start the program?

Read the paragraphs under the download links of the Download page.

More detailed information about compilation is available on the Installation page.


1.3: Is the software free? Are there any license fees or other restrictions?

The software is free for personal and professional use.

Details are described on the Maitreya's License page.


1.4: How can I report a bug?

Bugs can be reported on Github. See the Git/Bug Reporting page.


1.4: How can I make a donation?

Please donate for religious purposes or for the poor and needy people on this planet.


1.5: Is there any active mailing list?

No. Latest news are reported on the Home page.


1.6: How can I change the language of the program?

Windows users can easily change the language in General Configuration.

On UNIX/Linux platforms the language settings are controlled by the environment variable LANG. Please read the Character Sets page for more details.


1.7: I would like to see the software running in my native language.

Information about translation can be found on the Translation page.


1.8: How many people belong to the development team?

It is a one man project. You can get more information on the About page.


1.9: How long did it take to develop the software?

Many years. Read the History of the Program page.

2. Astrological Questions

2.1: How can I use the software?

Read the Maitreya page for general question or the Getting Started Guide if you already installed it and want to know how to use it.


2.2: I am a beginner in astrology. How can I learn it?

You must study it like any other science. Look for a good teacher and be prepared that it will take some time.

This website provides some pages with general informations that may be readable for beginners, see the Articles page.


2.3: I calculated my chart. Where is the interpretation?

Chart interpretation requires a spiritual mind. Software can't do that.

You will find nevertheless something like interpretation in the Vedic Views/Yoga View.


2.4: I send you my birth data. When will I get married? When will I find a job?

Go deep into your inner parts and meditate. The answer will come.


2.5: I get wrong calculation results.

Most frequent errors are

2.6: Dasa start and end date calculations differ from other Jyotish software. What is wrong?

Be sure that both programs have exactly the same Moon positions for the chart you compare. Maitreya has two different Dasa portion options, see Dasa Balance.

If not, compare Ayanamsa configuration or other properties (like topcentric coordinates etc.) in setup.


2.7: How can I enter the time zone for a birth place in India?

India's time zone is 5:30 hours east. This must be written as "5.5" or "5,5", depending on your language configuration.


2.8: I need the feature "xyz" for my work. Can you add that feature?

Please read the Feature Requests page.


3. Technical Questions

3.1: I get errors when I try to compile the program on my Linux machine. What can I do?

Read the Installation page first. Maybe it is a frequent error and the solution is already described there.

Read the console output carefully and try to understand what happened. Many errors happen because required programs are not installed.

If this doesn't help: copy the console output and send it to the author. Don't forget to give name and version of the operating system. Be sure that you used the latest version of Maitreya software.


3.2: I see strange Latin letters "A", "B" etc. in graphical chart or text views. What is wrong?

Likely that you didn't install the symbol font (Saravali.ttf).

Read the Symbol Font page for details.


3.3: I see strange symbols (rectangles, spaces etc.) in the program. What is wrong?

Seems that something is wrong with your charset configuration.

Please read the Character Sets page for details.


3.4: I get a message box telling me that Swiss Ephemeris Data Files are missing.

Theses files are required for calulation of some planetary objects (like Planetoids). Configuration of the data files is described on the General Configuration/Ephemeris page.

Details about the data files are described on the Ephemeris Data Files page.


3.5: Are mobile devices supported?

No, currently not. The program is designed for desktop platforms.

wxWidgets (the underlying GUI framework) supports iOS and WinCE, but someone must do the work. Maybe it is tedious because the GUI layout is not designed for low screen resolutions.


3.6: The program doesn't run on my Windows 98 computer. Is that platform supported?

No. There is no support for old Windows systems (95 and 98).

It should be possible, but someone must support it.


3.7: Are the source codes of the program available?

Yes. Sources can be downloaded from the Download page.


3.8: The program crashes. What can I do?

Please be sure that you used the latest version of the program and read the corresponding News/Known Bugs section on the Home Page.

Contact the author and give information about operating system (including version), version of the software and conditions under which the bug appears.